Foreword

1. analyze the subject matter claimed by 1-click;
2. identify prior art;
3. identify keywords to find prior art.

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5,729,594

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 5,262,860 entitled "Method and system communication establishment utilizing captured and processed visually perceptible data within a broadcast video signal" filed by IBM on April 23, 1992
2. 5,283,731 entitled "Computer-based classified ad system and method" filed on December 23, 1992;
3. 5,594,789 entitled "Transaction implementation in video dial tone network" filed on October 13, 1994;
4. 5,615,110 entitled "Security system for non-cash transactions" filed on August 22, 1994 and whose priority date is May 19, 1994.

Referenced by

1. 5,995,626 entitled "Electronic shopping method, electronic shopping system and document authenticating method relating thereto" filed on April 2, 1998 by Hitachi but whose priority date is August 4, 1995;
2. 5,991,738 entitled "Automated credit card processing" filed on November 12, 1997 but whose priority date is February 5, 1996;
3. 5,987,140 entitled "System, method and article of manufacture for secure network electronic payment and credit collection" filed on April 26, 1996 by Verifone;
4. 5,987,132 entitled "System, method and article of manufacture for conditionally accepting a payment method utilizing an extensible, flexible architecture" filed on June 17, 1996 by Verifone;
5. 5,983,208 entitled "System, method and article of manufacture for handling transaction results in a gateway payment architecture utilizing a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture" filed on June 17, 1996 by Verifone.
6. 5,963,924 entitled "System, method and article of manufacture for the use of payment instrument holders and payment instruments in network electronic commerce" filed on April 26, 1996 by Verifone;
7. 5,963,917 entitled "Financial system of computers" filed on October 5, 1998 and whose priority date is February 5, 1996;
8. 5,946,665 entitled "On line shopping system using a communication system" filed on July 16, 1996 by Fujitsu and whose priority date is February 26, 1996;
9. 5,943,424 entitled "System, method and article of manufacture for processing a plurality of transactions from a single initiation point on a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture" filed on June 17, 1996 by HP;
10. 5,930,777 entitled "Method of charging for pay-per-access information over a network" filed on May 23, 1997 and whose priority date is April 15, 1997;
11. 5,930,767 entitled "Transaction methods systems and device" filed by Motorola on May 28, 1997; disclose a "transaction method comprising steps of receiving a first data element indicating an item in a transaction, receiving a second data element indicating a party of the transaction, approving the transaction based upon the second data, and creating a record of the transaction.
12. 5,889,863 entitled "System, method and article of manufacture for remote virtual point of sale processing utilizing a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture" filed on June 17, 1996 by Verifone;
13. 5,822,737 entitled "Financial transaction system" filed on February 5, 1996.

5,708,780

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 5,347,632 entitled "Reception system for an interactive computer network and method of operation" filed by Prodigy on July 28, 1989 and whose priority date is July 15, 1988;
2. 5,544,322 entitled "System and method for policy-based inter-realm authentication within a distributed processing system" filed by IBM on May 9, 1994;
3. 5,560,008 entitled "Remote authentication and authorization in a distributed data processing system" filed by IBM on May 15, 1989;
4. 5,577,209 entitled "Apparatus and method for providing multi-level security for communication among computers and terminals on a network" filed by ITT on July 5, 1994;
5. EP0456920 entitled "Remote authentication and authorisation in a distributed data processing system" filed by IBM on May 15, 1989; a.k.a. 5,560,008 (see above);
6. EP0645688 entitled "Method for the identification of users of telematics servers" filed by the Nederland PTT on September 21, 1993;
7. WO9403859 entitled "APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING NETWORK SECURITY" by International Standard Electric Corp on July 31, 1992.

Referenced by

1. 6,023,698 entitled "System and method for transparently registering and updating information over the internet" filed by IBM on December 5, 1996;
2. 6,009,412 entitled "Fully integrated on-line interactive frequency and award redemption program" filed by Netcentives, Inc on June 25, 1998 but whose priority date is December 14, 1995;
3. 6,006,334 entitled "Method and system for authentication over a distributed service to limit password compromise" filed by IBM on May 1, 1997;
4. 5,987,480 entitled "Method and system for delivering documents customized for a particular user over the internet using imbedded dynamic content" filed on July 25, 1996;
5. 5,930,777 entitled "Method of charging for pay-per-access information over a network" filed on May 23, 1997;
6. 5,907,621 entitled "System and method for session management" filed on November 15, 1996 by IBM;
7. 5,875,296 entitled "Distributed file system web server user authentication with cookies" filed by IBM on January 28, 1997;

4,734,858

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3,719,927 entitled "Credit control system" and filed on December 28, 1970;
2. 4,115,870 entitled "Hand-held data processing terminal" and filed on November 18, 1976;
3. 4,266,271 entitled "Reconfigurable cluster of data-entry terminals" and filed on October 10, 1978;
4. 4,277,837 entitled "Personal portable terminal for financial transactions" filed by IBM on February 11, 1980;
5. 4,341,951 entitled "Electronic funds transfer and voucher issue system" filed on July 2, 1980;
6. 4,361,851 entitled "System for remote monitoring and data transmission over non-dedicated telephone lines" filed on January 4, 1980;
7. 4,415,065 entitled "Restaurant or retail vending facility" filed on November 17, 1980;
8. 4,460,965 entitled "Device for the use of and easily carried by an individual" filed on February 6, 1981 and whose priority date is March 02, 1979;
9. 4,511,970 entitled "Portable terminal device" filed by Hitachi on March 31, 1982 and whose priority date is Apr 08, 1981;
10. 3,719,927 entitled "Transaction device" filed on December 20, 1979.

Referenced by

1. 6,091,823 entitled "Transaction processing system utilizing teletext broadcasting system and terminal used in the transaction processing systems" filed by Fujitsu on February 11, 1997 (the priority date being August 6, 1992);
2. 5,909,492 entitled "Network sales system" filed by OpenMarket on June 18, 1997 (the priority date being October 24, 1994);
3. 5,808,894 entitled "Automated ordering method" filed by Optipat on October 26, 1994 whose abstract reads:
   "A method for automated ordering by a customer at a remote location to a vendor in a central location, comprises the steps of composing an order at the remote location and entering the order into a customer computer; initiating a connection between the customer computer and a vendor computer at the central location across a communications media; transmitting at least the order and customer information identifying the customer to the vendor computer by the customer computer; verifying the order in the vendor computer and transmitting a job number from the vendor computer to the customer computer; comparing the customer information in the vendor computer with previously-stored customer database information; entering the order for further processing in a first manner if the comparing step produces a match between the customer information and the previously-stored customer database information; and entering the order for further processing in a second manner if the comparing step does not produce a match between the customer information and the previously-stored customer database information;"
4. 5,715,314 entitled "Network sales system" filed by OpenMarket on October 24, 1994;
5. 5,440,479 entitled "Apparatus and method for purchasing floral arrangements" filed on March 22, 1994;
6. 5,438,355 entitled "Interactive system for processing viewer responses to television programming" filed on April 16, 1993 whose abstract reads "a viewer, upon seeing a TV program of interest, actuates a button, and the console transmits to the central exchange an uniquely identifying console code together with the program code currently being read by the code reader";
7. 4,984,155 entitled "Order entry system having catalog assistance" filed on August 29, 1988;

5,303,393

Delta with 1-click

A radio response system for user with a processing center comprising:

• transmitter-means for broadcasting a program signal;
• a plurality of mobile stations, each mobile station including,
  • receiver-means for receiving the program signal;
  • interface means for communicating the program signal to a user; [~ displaying information identifying the item]
  • controller means for processing program identification information from the program signal and for generating from the processed program identification information and a user-input signal, a user-data signal; and
  • data-transmitter means for transmitting the user-data signal as a transmitted-data signal; [sending a request to order the item along with an identifier of a purchaser of the item to a server system]
• repeater means responsive to receiving the transmitted-data signal for relaying the user-data signal to said processing center [routing]; and
• location means responsive to receiving the transmitted-data signal through at least two of the repeater means for determining a location of said mobile station.

Limitation	5,303,393
under control of a client system (1)	mobile station
displaying information identifying the item (2)	"The method further includes communicating at the mobile terminal 401 the program signal to a user. The program signal can be music with advertisements or solicitations periodically placed between music selections. The program signal is communicated to the user through a audio device such as a speaker. Additionally, the program signal may communicate to the user video information which would be displayed on a visual display. The user has the option of inputting to the mobile terminal 401 a user-input signal. The user can generate the user-input signal by speaking into a microphone which converts the user's voice to a digital signal processes the converted voice signal to generate a user-input signal. For example, the user might speak the word ORDER which indicates to place an order of the item being advertised in the advertisement of the program signal. The spoken word ORDER is converted to a digital signal, identified and recognized. The resulting output is the user-input signal. Alternatively, the user may place an order by pushing a button or touching a touch screen on a display."
in response to only a single action being performed (3)	"The method further includes using the identification information and the user-input signal to generate a user-data signal." "The user-data signal is modulated on a carrier signal at a carrier frequency, and the modulated carrier frequency is transmitted by data transmitter 404 as a transmitted-data signal. The transmitted-data signal is relayed through a satellite 421 to the processing center 422."
sending a request to order the item [...] to a server system (4)	server system = processing center; see FIG. 4 below.
the request including the identifier so that the server system can locate additional information needed to complete the order and so that the server system can fulfill the generated order to complete purchase of the item (5)	"The satellite 421 relays the transmitted-data signal to the processing center 422. The processing center 422, which receives the user-data signal from the satellite 421, demodulates the user-data signal from the transmitted-data signal, and processes information from the user-data signal, and determines identification information."
a data storage medium storing information for a plurality of users (7)	"A user may input a credit card number for placing an order, or a user's credit card number may be stored at the processing center."
a receiving component for receiving requests to order an item [...], the request being sent in response to only a single action being performed (8)	receiving component = processing center; see FIG. 4 below.
a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users (9)	"The method further includes using the identification information and the user-input signal to generate a user-data signal."
an order placement component that retrieves from the data storage medium information for the indicated user (10)	"The processing center 422, which receives the user-data signal from the satellite 421, demodulates the user-data signal from the transmitted-data signal, and processes information from the user-data signal, and determines identification information."
uses the retrieved information to place an order for the indicated user for the item (11)	"order goods or services offered for sale." "For example, the user might speak the word ORDER which indicates to place an order of the item being advertised in the advertisement of the program signal;" "the processing center 422 can [...] process an order by a user."
fulfilling the generated order to complete purchase of the item whereby the item is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model (12)	The response, for example, might be ordering something which is being offered for sale. The music which was most recently played and sent over the program signal, for example, might be offered for sale on a compact disc. The user has the option of ordering the compact disc by inputting a user-input signal using input device 416. The user might generate the user-input signal by speaking into a microphone. In this case, the controller 403 is programmed to recognize the user's voice and the command. For example, the command might be ORDER. In response to ORDER, the user-input signal would send this information to order the compact disc. Alternatively, the input device 416 might be a push button or a touch screen of a display. The user merely would push the push button or touch the appropriate place on the display screen for ordering the compact disc. The controller 403 generates a user-data signal which includes the order information generated from the input device 416. The controller 403 also may process identification information from the program signal which was received from the broadcast receiver 402. The identification information may include identification of the advertisement which offered the compact disc, for example, for sale, an identification of the broadcast transmitter 411, the carrier frequency of the program signal, or any other information which would identify the advertisement, solicitation, or other communication inviting a response. Additionally, the controller 403 may also have location information as to the location and positioning of the mobile terminal 401. The identification information and user-input signal is combined in the controller 403 as a user-data signal.

5,303,393 was a brillant idea thoroughly developed. There were still work around it in 1999.

Refers to

1. 3,683,116 entitled "Terrestrial interface unit" filed on July 16, 1969;
2. 4,425,639 entitled "Satellite communications system with frequency channelized beams" filed by Bell Labs on January 12, 1981;
3. 4,437,183 entitled "Method and apparatus for distributing control signals" filed on January 12, 1981;
4. 4,501,002 entitled "Offset QPSK demodulator and receiver" filed on February 28, 1983;
5. 4,599,734 entitled "Space diversity communications system for multi-direction time division multiplex communications" filed by NEC on April 5, 1985 and whose priority date is April 10, 1984;
6. 4,635,247 entitled "High-speed burst signal monitoring device" filed by NEC on February 22, 1985 and whose priority date is February 24, 1984;
7. 4,635,285 entitled "Communication system with voice priority for remote stations" filed by Motorola on April 12, 1984;
8. 4,660,196 entitled "Digital audio satellite transmission system" filed on January 27, 1986 and whose priotity date is August 8, 1983;
9. 4,742,512 entitled "Multipoint communication system having polling and reservation schemes" filed by NEC on July 18, 1986 and whose priority date is July 19, 1985;
10. 4,754,465 entitled "Global positioning system course acquisition code receiver" filed on May 7, 1984;
11. 4,759,016 entitled "TDMA communication system having common local path medium and local time slot for intraoffice calls" filed by NEC on May 4, 1987 and whose priority date is May 09, 1986;
12. 4,837,786 entitled "Technique for mitigating rain fading in a satellite communications system using quadrature phase shift keying" filed on August 7, 1986;
13. 4,852,090 entitled "TDMA communications system with adaptive equalization" filed by Motorola on April 13, 1988;
14. 4,860,352 entitled "Satellite communication system and method with message authentication suitable for use in financial institutions" filed on May 20, 1985;
15. 4,868,811 entitled "Multiple access communication system" filed by Toshiba on February 29, 1988 and whose priority date is Mar 10, 1987;
16. 4,870,660 entitled "Variable frequency rate receiver" filed by Unisys on December 28, 1987;
17. 4,882,730 entitled "TDMA communication system having common time slots for system maintenance" filed by NEC on November 30, 1987 and whose priority date is November 28, 1986;
18. 4,903,320 entitled "Apparatus for selecting control channel in mobile communication system" filed by Fujitsu on March 18, 1988 and whose priority date is March 20, 1987;
19. 4,951,279 entitled "Transceiver for use in earth station in satellite communications system" filed by NEC on October 19, 1988 and whose priority date is October 20, 1987;;
20. 4,979,170 entitled "Alternating sequential half duplex communication system" filed by Qualcomm on January 19, 1988;
21. 4,987,486 entitled "Automatic interactive television terminal configuration" filed on December 23, 1988;
22. 5,027,400 entitled "Multimedia bidirectional broadcast system" filed by Hitachi on August 16, 1989 and whose priority date is August 19, 1988;
23. 5,036,389 entitled "Satellite controlled audience polling system" filed on July 14, 1989;
24. 5,057,915 entitled "System and method for attracting shoppers to sales outlets" filed on October 25, 1990 and whose priority date is Mar. 10, 1986;
25. 5,119,504 entitled "Position aided subscriber unit for a satellite cellular system" filed by Motorola on July 19, 1990.

Referenced by

EP680185 / 5,819,034

Delta with 1-click

"When a viewer wishes to order an item, a button is pressed on the TV remote control. This button signals the client computer 22 to display a series of instructions and menus necessary to solicit the information necessary to place the order, e.g. the item number, name and address of the viewer, the method of payment, the credit card number (if needed), etc. These instructions are generated in the client computer as graphics which are overlaid on the television video image. It is also possible for a computer generated voice to be generated and combined with the television audio either by voice-over, or by replacing the television audio. The viewer responds to the instruction by providing the requested information via the TV remote control. When the information requested by the on-screen display and/or voice instructions has been entered by the viewer, it is sent to a central computer via the modem in the client computer. An order confirmation may be sent in the other direction from the central computer.

Limitation	5,819,034
under control of a client system (1)	"a client computer, which includes a packet selector connected to said source for selecting and directing packets containing said auxiliary data representing said video program to a video signal processor and selecting and directing packets containing said associated distributed computing application to a further processor" [claim 1]
displaying information identifying the item (2)	"The client computer 22 interacts with a user 80 by providing information to the user via a display screen or other output device and by accepting information from the user via a keyboard or other input device." "When a viewer wishes to order an item, a button is pressed on the TV remote control. This button signals the client computer 22 to display a series of instructions and menus necessary to solicit the information necessary to place the order, e.g. the item number, name and address of the viewer, the method of payment, the credit card number (if needed), etc. These instructions are generated in the client computer as graphics which are overlaid on the television video image." "t is further possible that, by means of time codes, or other commands, inserted into the data stream, the client computer will know which item is currently being offered for sale. In such a case, the viewer will be able to order it by simply pressing one button on the TV remote control.
in response to only a single action being performed (3)	"permanent information about the viewer (i.e. the name, address, method of payment and credit card number) may be preentered once by the viewer, so it is not necessary to solicit that information each time an order is placed.
sending a request to order the item [...] to a server system (4)	"permanent information about the viewer (i.e. the name, address, method of payment and credit card number)" is "appended to the item number and transmitted to the central computer."
the request including the identifier so that the server system can locate additional information needed to complete the order and so that the server system can fulfill the generated order to complete purchase of the item (5)	see above
a receiving component for receiving requests to order an item [...], the request being sent in response to only a single action being performed (8)	receiving component = central computer
a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users (9)	"permanent information about the viewer (i.e. the name, address, method of payment and credit card number)" is "appended to the item number and transmitted to the central computer."

Refers to

1. 3,803,491 entitled "Communication system" filed on January 26, 1972;
2. 3,891,792 entitled "Television character crawl display method and apparatus" filed on June 25, 1972;
3. 4,264,925 entitled "Interactive cable television system" filed on August 13, 1979;
4. 4,323,922 entitled "Television coding system with channel level identification" filed on December 17, 1979;
5. 4,528,589 entitled "Method and system for subscription television billing and access" filed on February 1, 1984;
6. 4,937,784 entitled "Distributed interactive processing method in complex system including plural work stations and plural host computers and apparatus using the same" filed by Hitachi on June 2, 1987 and whose priority date is June 02, 1986;
7. 4,965,825 entitled "Signal processing apparatus and methods" filed on September 11, 1987 that partly has a priority date of November 3, 1981;
8. 5,129,080 entitled "Method and system increasing the operational availability of a system of computer programs operating in a distributed system of computers" filed by IBM on October 17, 1990;
9. 5,168.356 entitled "Apparatus for segmenting encoded video signal for transmission" filed by General Electric on December 20, 1991 and whose priority date is February 27, 1991;
10. 5,191,573 entitled "Method for transmitting a desired digital video or audio signal" filed on September 18, 1990 and whose priority date is June 13, 1988;
11. 5,233,654 entitled "Signal processing apparatus and methods" filed on March 10, 1992 and whose priority date is November 3, 1981;
12. 5,343,238 entitled "Wide-screen television receiver with aspect ratio conversion function and method of displaying a range to be magnified and displayed" filed by Hitachi on May 22, 1992 and whose priority date is May 23, 1991;
13. 5,440,744 entitled "Methods and apparatus for implementing server functions in a distributed heterogeneous environment" filed by Digital on November 15, 1994 and whose priority date is Aug. 14, 1990;
14. 5,548,532 entitled "Apparatus and method for formulating an interactive TV signal" filed on April 28, 1994;
15. 5,600,364 entitled "Network controller for cable television delivery systems" filed on December 2, 1993 and whose some parts have a priority date of Dec. 9, 1992;
16. EP0145063 entitled "Cable television network" filed by International Standard Electric Corp on November 18, 1983;
17. EP0570683 aka 5,642,515 entitled "Network server for local and remote resources" filed on April 17, 1992.

Referenced by

5,809,483

Delta with 1-click

Users first sign-in:

Users enters their user identification (ID) into field 810, and then password into password field 820. Users also have the option of entering a new password in field 830.

Next, the user selects either a Buy or Sell trade report using button 1281 for a buy report, and button 1282 for a sell report. Buttons 1281 and 1282 appear in side box 1280. If user is a dealer, the default trade type is "sell."

The system of the invention is called "the Fixed Income Pricing System or FIPS".

"A second way users may access the host is through an application programming interface, API. The API allows users to create their own customized interface for trade reports, bond quotes, and other FIPS function. The API is a library of procedures an application programmer can use to access the various features and systems of FIPS."

Limitation	5,809,483
under control of a client system (1)	user station
displaying information identifying the item (2)	"the display means of each user station includes means for displaying data from the quote databases" [claim 11]
in response to only a single action being performed (3)	see the discussion and drawings above
sending a request to order the item [...] to a server system (4)	"host processor comprising [...] communications means, coupled to the memory means, for receiving from the plurality of user stations user inputs about quotes for the issues to be traded, for receiving requests for data from the issue databases and the quote databases, for providing the requested data to the requesting one of the plurality of user stations, and for receiving from the plurality of user stations data indicating actual trade executions" [claim 5]
the request including the identifier so that the server system can locate additional information needed to complete the order and so that the server system can fulfill the generated order to complete purchase of the item (5)	"A method for reporting the trading of debt issues comprising the steps, executed by a data processing system and a plurality of user stations, of [...] providing to the data processing system user inputs about a current user of the system" [claims 16, 18]. FIG. 8 shows how the user logs in. The preferred embodiment uses a client/server architecture with a TCP network and Cisco routers. So TCP packets contain an identifiers allowing the host processing system to retrieve the current user.
a data storage medium storing information for a plurality of users (7)	"the host processing system includes participant databases having information about the users of the system" [claim 3]
a receiving component for receiving requests to order an item [...], the request being sent in response to only a single action being performed (8)	For instance "The user inputs the dollar price of the issue that it is willing to pay to purchase the issue" and "If the user selects the OK button, the information indicated by the user is sent to the FIPS host 210 for processing."
a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users (9)	See explanation above. TCP/IP (user address, user port, host address, host port) in client/server implementation, session cookie in a HTTP implementation.
an order placement component that retrieves from the data storage medium information for the indicated user (10)	Claim 3 reads: The system of claim 1 wherein the host processing system includes participant databases having information about the users of the system, and wherein the input means includes means for providing to the host processing system user inputs about the current user of the system.
uses the retrieved information to place an order for the indicated user for the item (11)	"communications means, coupled to the memory means, for receiving from the plurality of user stations user inputs about quotes for the issues to be traded, for receiving requests for data from the issue databases and the quote databases, for providing the requested data to the requesting one of the plurality of user stations, and for receiving from the plurality of user stations data indicating actual trade executions" [claim 11]
fulfilling the generated order to complete purchase of the item whereby the item is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model (12)	"trades of debt issues are made through broker's brokers" [claim 12]

Refers to

1. 4,903,201 entitled "Automated futures trading exchange" filed on November 3, 1983;
2. 5,003,473 entitled "Trading ticket output system" filed by Reuter on October 24, 1988;
3. 5,077,665 entitled "Distributed matching system" filed by Reuter on May 25, 1989;
4. 5,101,353 entitled "Automated system for providing liquidity to securities markets" filed on May 31, 1989;
5. 5,227,967 entitled "Security instrument data system without property inapplicable nulls" filed on March 20, 1989;
6. 5,230,048 entitled "Data processing system with tree and list data structure" filed by Wang on February 15, 1991 and whose priority date is September 3, 1986;
7. 5,231,571 entitled "Personal financial assistant computer method" and whose priority date is August 14, 1990;
8. 5,245,535 entitled "System for demonstrating financial concepts and displaying financial data" filed by Citybank on April 5, 1991;
9. 5,270,922 entitled "System for distributing, processing and displaying financial information" filed by Merrill Lynch on June 27, 1991 and whose priority date is Jun. 29, 1984;
10. 5,375.055 entitled "Credit management for electronic brokerage system" filed on February 3, 1992.

Referenced by

5,754,939

Delta with 1-click

"A method for providing a user with access to selected ones of a plurality of target objects and sets of target object characteristics that are accessible via an electronic storage media, where said users are connected via user terminals and data communication connections to a target server system which accesses said electronic storage media, said method comprising the steps of:

• automatically generating at least one user target profile interest summary for a user at a user terminal, each of said user target profile interest summary being indicative of ones of said target objects and sets of target object characteristics accessed by said user; and
• storing said at least one user target profile interest summary in a memory.

FIG. 14. The user authenticates. The server assigns and returns an identifier to the user.

FIG. 15. The client processor forms a request with said identifier. The server fulfills the request.

Limitation	5,754,939
under control of a client system (1)	"A method for providing a user with access to selected ones of a plurality of target objects and sets of target object characteristics that are accessible via an electronic storage media, where said users are connected via user terminals and data communication connections to a target server system which accesses said electronic storage media" [claim 1]
displaying information identifying the item (2)	Claim 4 reads: "The method of claim 3 wherein said step of enabling access further comprises: transmitting a list, that identifies at least one of said identified ones of said plurality of target objects and sets of target object characteristics, to said user; and providing access to a selected one of said plurality of target objects and sets of target object characteristics stored on said electronic storage media in response to said user selecting an item from said list."
in response to only a single action being performed (3)	"transmitting data, in response to said user activating said user terminal to identify said selected item on said list, indicative of said user's selection of said selected item from said user terminal to said target server via a one of said data communication connections" [claim 5]
sending a request to order the item [...] to a server system (4)	aforementioned claim 5
the request including the identifier so that the server system can locate additional information needed to complete the order and so that the server system can fulfill the generated order to complete purchase of the item (5)	see FIG. 14 and 15
a data storage medium storing information for a plurality of users (7)	"A pseudonym is an artifact that allows a service provider to communicate with users and build and accumulate records of their preferences over time, while at the same time remaining ignorant of the users' true identities, so that users can keep their purchases or preferences private." "A second function of the proxy server is to record user-specific information associated with user U. This user-specific information includes a user profile and target profile interest summary for user U, as well as a list of access control instructions specified by user U, as described below, and a set of one-time return addresses provided by user U that can be used to send messages to user U without knowing user U's true identity. All of this user-specific information is stored in a database that is keyed by user U's pseudonym (whether secure or non-secure) on the proxy server." [in this invention proxy cannot be construed as HTTP proxy]
a receiving component for receiving requests to order an item [...], the request being sent in response to only a single action being performed (8)	service provider. "The target objects may be published articles, purchasable items." "Examples of target objects can include, but are not limited to: a newspaper story of potential interest, a movie to watch, an item to buy." For single action see FIG. 15.
a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users (9)	the client processor forms a message with signed validated pseudonym (Fig. 15) and "At any time after database entry for Pseudonym P is established, the user U may provide proxy server S2 with credentials on that pseudonym, provided by third parties." "The proxy server [...] may also store those credentials, so that it can present them to service providers on the user's behalf."
an order placement component that retrieves from the data storage medium information for the indicated user (10)	the service provider checks credentials presented above
uses the retrieved information to place an order for the indicated user for the item (11)	inherent. When the target object is an item to buy use presented credentials.
fulfilling the generated order to complete purchase of the item whereby the item is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model (12)	inherent for instance when the target object is a movie to watch or an item to buy

Refers to

1. 4,529,870 entitled "Cryptographic identification, financial transaction, and credential device" filed on June 25, 1982 and whose priority date is October 3, 1980;
2. 4,706,080 entitled "Interconnection of broadcast networks" filed on August 26, 1985;
3. 4,759,063 entitled "Blind signature systems" filed on August 22, 1983;
4. 4,914,698 entitled "One-show blind signature systems" filed on July 24, 1989 and whose priority date is March 16, 1988;
5. 4,926,480 entitled "Card-computer moderated systems" filed on May 24, 1988; parts of the subject matter have a priority date of August 22, 1983;
6. 4,947,430 entitled "Undeniable signature systems" on November 23, 1987;
7. 4,987,593 entitled "One-show blind signature systems" filed on April 5, 1990;
8. 5,131,039 entitled "Optionally moderated transaction systems" filed on November 5, 1990 and whose priority date is January 29, 1990;
9. 5,136,501 entitled "Anonymous matching system" filed by Reuter on May 26, 1989;
10. 5,245,656 entitled "Security method for private information delivery and filtering in public networks" filed on September 9, 1992;
11. 5,251,324 entitled "Method and apparatus for generating and collecting viewing statistics for remote terminals in a cable television system" file on March 19, 1991, the priority date of some parts being March 20, 1990;
12. 5,276,736 entitled "Optionally moderated transaction systems" filed on July 13, 1992 and whose priority date is January 29, 1990;
13. 5,301,109 entitled "Computerized cross-language document retrieval using latent semantic indexing" filed on July 17, 1991, the priority of some parts being June 11, 1990;
14. 5,321,833 entitled "Adaptive ranking system for information retrieval" filed on August 29, 1990;
15. 5,331,554 entitled "Method and apparatus for semantic pattern matching for text retrieval" filed by Ricoh on December 10, 1992;
16. 5,331,556 entitled "Method for natural language data processing using morphological and part-of-speech information" filed by General Electric on June 28, 1993;
17. 5,373,558 entitled "Desinated-confirmer signature systems" filed on May 25, 1993;
18. 5,410,344 entitled "Apparatus and method of selecting video programs based on viewers' preferences" filed on September 22, 1993;
19. 5,469,206 entitled "System and method for automatically correlating user preferences with electronic shopping information" filed on June 1, 1993, the priority date of some parts being May 27, 1992;
20. 5,483,278 entitled "System and method for finding a movie of interest in a large movie database" filed on September 28, 1993, the priority date of some parts being May 27, 1992;
21. 5,534,911 entitled "Virtual personal channel in a television system" filed on November 2, 1994;
22. 5,541,638 entitled "User programmable entertainment method and apparatus" filed by ATT on June 28, 1994;
23. 5,600,364 entitled "Network controller for cable television delivery systems" filed on December 2, 1993, the priority date of some parts being December 9, 1992.

Referenced by

1. 6,076,109 entitled "Simplified-file hyper text protocol" filed by Lextron, Systems, Inc on January 30, 1997; this invention teaches an "Internet server adapted for transposing data files to alternative, low-information-density form, preferably comprising simplified or single files suitable for rapid processing and display by connected portable and other low-end computers," which implies sending the low-end computer id along with the request, a function also provided by HTTP;
2. 6,065,047 entitled "System for providing subscriber with access to a content area customized for the combination of subscriber's responses to topic prompt, subtopic prompt, and action prompt" filed by AOL on January 24, 1996;
3. 6,052,714 entitled "Information filtering apparatus and method for retrieving a selected article from information sources" filed by Toshiba on December 13, 1996 and whose priority date is December 14, 1995;
4. 6,034,680 entitled "Supplying supplementary information for printed books" filed on April 30, 1997 and whose priority date is April 25, 1997;
5. 6,014,696 entitled "Method of restricting data access to WWW server so as to permit specific user to refer to successive pages while entrance page is freely acquired by any user" filed by NTT on April 7, 1998 but whose priority date is April 07, 1997;

5,710,887

For an presentation of Broadvision you can look at answers.com. Broadvision was an important actor in eCommerce time. I knew Broadvision for its One-To-One family of products that popularized the idea of displaying a content depending on the user (personalization.)

Delta with 1-click

A system for facilitating commercial transactions, between a plurality of customers and at least one supplier of items, over a computer driven network capable of providing communications between the supplier and at least one customer site associated with each customer and including an input means and a display, the system comprising:

1. means for causing at least one supplier to be represented on the display for selection by the customer using the input means;
2. means for effecting presentation of items on the display for customer observation;
3. an item database associated with a supplier and including information on presented items;
4. pricing means for receiving information from the item database to determine the cost associated with a presented item;
5. a customer information database for storing information relating to a customer; and
6. means for creating a customer monitoring object for each customer by referencing information, relating to that customer, which had been stored in the customer information database and upon the customer selecting at least one supplier such that the customer monitoring object is configured to operate by
   1. responding to customer enquiries, communicated through the input means, regarding a presented item by accessing the item database to retrieve information relating to said item and to present said information to the customer by means of the display,
   2. receiving a customer's selection of a presented item through the input means,
   3. communicating with the pricing means to have the cost of the item determined,
   4. presenting the cost to the customer by means of the display,
   5. receiving customer communications, through the input means, indicating a desire to receive the item, and
   6. passing a delivery initiation communication to initiate the delivery of the item to the customer.

I read that 5,710,887 is one action. Nevertheless claim 9 reads:

• means for causing the customer monitoring object to receive the information related to the forms of payment available to the customer and to present the customer with a selection of the forms of payment;
• means for receiving a first security code, related to a selected form of payment, from the customer; and
• means for validating the first security code by comparison to a second security code available to the customer monitoring object;
• whereby payment for the item is initiated if the first security code is validated.

To show that 5,710,887 anticipate 1-click we use claims 1, 2, 4, 6 and 18. None of these claims depend on claim 9.

Refers to

1. 5,347,632 entitled "Reception system for an interactive computer network and method of operation" filed by Prodigy on July 28, 1989 and whose priority date is July 15, 1988;
2. 5,442,771 entitled "Method for storing data in an interactive computer network" filed Prodigy on November 26, 1993, the priority date of some parts being July 15, 1988;
3. 5,455,903 entitled "Object oriented customer information exchange system and method" filed on May 31, 1991.

Referenced by

1. 6,282,522 entitled "Internet payment system using smart card" and filed by VISA international on October 16, 1997 but whose priority date is April 30, 1997 (provisional application);
2. 6,249,772 entitled "Systems and methods wherein a buyer purchases a product at a first price and acquires the product from a merchant that offers the product for sale at a second price" filed on July 8, 1997 [this was later popularized as conditional purchase order by Priceline - this is a kind of reverse auction;]
3. 6,058,373 entitled "System and method for processing electronic order forms" filed by Microsoft on October 16, 1996;
4. 5,982,445 entitled "Hypertext markup language protocol for television display and control" filed by October 21, 1996;
5. 5,963,915 entitled "Secure, convenient and efficient system and method of performing trans-internet purchase transactions" filed by InfoSeek on February 21, 1996;
6. 5,905,973 entitled "Shopping basket presentation method for an online shopping system" filed by Hitachi on September 29, 1997 but whose priority date is September 30, 1996;
7. 5,903,878 entitled "Method and apparatus for electronic commerce" filed on August 20, 1997;
8. 5,826,242 from Netscape and described below.

5,878,141

Delta with 1-click

Limitation	5,878,141
under control of a client system (1)	"Purchasing system 10 also has multiple purchasing terminals 18-23 located remotely from transaction processing unit 12. Purchasing terminals 18-23 are illustrated as many different types of electronic devices, including a point-of-purchase register 18, a personal computer 19, a telephone 20, a stand-alone machine 21 (e.g., an ATM), a television and set-top box unit 22, and a magnetic-stripe credit card reader 23 (e.g., a Verifone reader). Each purchasing terminal has an input device which can receive a purchase request from a purchaser to buy goods and/or services from a merchant. The input device can be in the form of a keypad (as in the case of the register 18, telephone 20, stand-alone machine 21, and card reader 23) or a keyboard or mouse (as in the case of computer 19), or a remote control device (as in the case of a remote for the TV and set-top box unit 22). These illustrated purchase terminals are only a representative sample, as many other electronic devices can be used to make purchases in the computerized purchasing system of this invention."
displaying information identifying the item (2)	see FIG. 5
in response to only a single action being performed (3)	See Buy button on FIG. 5. "A cancel button 112 and a buy button 114 enable the subscriber to accept or deny the transaction before any money exchanges hands." Regarding the selection of the payment method: "FIG. 5 is but one example arrangement of information that can be presented to the subscriber, and many other arrangements with more or less information can be used." So there can be less information and "[the user interface] includes a spin dial 110 which presents the available payment methods in a sequential order, and if desired, in a prearranged order according to the subscriber's preferences." So Microsoft teaches that the preferred payment method can be displayed first. This is the default: "The subscriber selects the default payment method, or cycles through any alternative choices, to inform the purchasing system of a desired payment method."
sending a request to order the item [...] to a server system (4)	"an interactive communication network which interfaces the remotely located purchasing terminals with the centrally located transaction processing unit, the communication network transferring the purchase request from one of the purchasing terminals to the transaction processing unit" [claim 6]
the request including the identifier so that the server system can locate additional information needed to complete the order and so that the server system can fulfill the generated order to complete purchase of the item (5)	"If the purchaser confirms the purchase transaction, the processing unit attaches an unforgeable digital signature on behalf of the purchaser to authorize the purchase and to validate for the merchant that a sale has been consummated. The digital signatures are produced using signing tools, such as cryptographic signing keys, which are unique to corresponding purchasers and are stored in the purchaser database. A password entered by the purchaser authorizes the processing unit to use his/her associated signing tool kept in the purchaser database. This digital signature assures the merchant that a legally enforceable purchase transaction has occurred." The digital signature is unique to corresponding purchaser. It is an identifier of a purchaser.
a data storage medium storing information for a plurality of users (7)	a purchaser database provided at the transaction processing unit, the purchaser database having a list of purchasers and sets of personal payment methods for corresponding ones of the purchasers, whereby an individual purchaser could use any one of the personal payment methods in that purchaser's corresponding set to purchase the goods and/or services;" [claim 6]
a receiving component for receiving requests to order an item [...], the request being sent in response to only a single action being performed (8)	"an interactive communication network which interfaces the remotely located purchasing terminals with the centrally located transaction processing unit, the communication network transferring the purchase request from one of the purchasing terminals to the transaction processing unit" [claim 6]
a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users (9)	digital signature as exposed for limitation 5
an order placement component that retrieves from the data storage medium information for the indicated user (10)	"the consummated purchase transaction is forwarded from purchase mediator 84 to transaction routing system." "The transaction routing system selects a subscriber account."
uses the retrieved information to place an order for the indicated user for the item (11)	"[The transaction routing system] authorizes a withdrawal from the subscriber account, and authorizes a corresponding deposit in the merchant account"
fulfilling the generated order to complete purchase of the item whereby the item is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model (12)	The system can be used "for purchase of the goods and/or services" [abstract]. Fulfilling the order is inherent to purchasing.

Refers to

1. 3,852,571 entitled "System of transferral of funds" filed on August 16, 1972;
2. 4,528,643 entitled "System for reproducing information in material objects at a point of sale location" filed on January 10, 1983;
3. 4,594,663 entitled "Credit transaction processing system" filed by Omron on July 8, 1983, the priority date being July 09, 1982;
4. 4,823,264 entitled "Electronic funds transfer system" filed on May 27, 1986;
5. 4,960,981 entitled "Method of and system for electronic funds transfer via facsimile machines" filed on January 17, 1989;
6. 5,053,956 entitled "Interactive system for retail transactions" filed on April 25, 1989 and whose priority date is June 17, 1985;
7. 5,283,731 entitled "Computer-based classified ad system and method" filed on December 23, 1992;
8. 5,319,705 entitled "Method and system for multimedia access control enablement" filed by IBM on October 21, 1992;
9. 5,336,870 entitled "System for remote purchase payment transactions and remote bill payments" filed on May 26, 1992;
10. 5,383,113 entitled "System and method for electronically providing customer services including payment of bills, financial analysis and loans" filed on July 25, 1991;
11. 5,404,393 entitled "Method and apparatus for interactive television through use of menu windows" filed on September 28, 1992, the priority date of some parts being October 3, 1991;
12. 5,426,281 entitled "Transaction protection system" filed on October 29, 1993 and whose priority date is Aug. 22, 1991;
13. 5,475,585 entitled "Transactional processing system" filed on February 2, 1994 and whose priority date is Oct. 1, 1990;
14. 5,479,510 entitled "Automated data card payment verification method" filed on November 15, 1994;
15. 5,590,197 entitled "Electronic payment system and method" filed on April 4, 1995;
16. 5,592,375 entitled "Computer-assisted system for interactively brokering goods or services between buyers and sellers" filed on March 11, 1994;
17. 5,606,361 entitled "Videophone interactive mailbox facility system and method of processing information" filed on May 10, 1995;
18. 5,619,558 entitled "ATM segment of one marketing method" filed by NCR on November 13, 1995;
19. 5,661,517 entitled "Interactive intelligent video information system" filed on April 8, 1996 and whose priority date is May 2, 1994;
20. 5,677,955 entitled "Electronic funds transfer instruments" filed on April 7, 1995.

Referenced by

1. 6,055,560 entitled "System and method to provide interactivity for a networked video server" filed by IBM on November 8, 1996 and whose priority date is Nov. 6, 1996;

5,812,668

Delta with 1-click

• The merchant certificate is evidence of ther merchant identity.
• GSO stands for good/service order.
• The Consumer Payments Class Library (CPCL) 2770 is a library that encapsulates the payment protocols to provide a single API. The PayWindow application, the browser and the CPCL run on the consumer computer as shown on FIG. 1C.

Refers to

1. 3,956,615 entitled "Transaction execution system with secure data storage and communications" filed by IBM on June 25, 1974;
2. 4,277,837 entitled "Personal portable terminal for financial transactions" filed by IBM on February 11, 1980;
3. 4,303,904 entitled "Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves" filed on October 12, 1979;
4. 4,454,414 entitled "Funds transfer system using optically coupled, portable modules" filed on June 16, 1982;
5. 4,578,530 entitled "End-to-end encryption system and method of operation" filed on December 7, 1983, the priority date of some parts being June 24, 1981;
6. 4,614,861 entitled "Unitary, self-contained card verification and validation system and method" filed on November 15, 1984;
7. 4,630,201 entitled "On-line and off-line transaction security system using a code generated from a transaction parameter and a random number" filed on February 14, 1984;
8. 4,689,478 entitled "System for handling transactions including a portable personal terminal" filed by NCR on December 24, 1984;
9. 4,766,293 entitled "Portable financial transaction card capable of authorizing a transaction in foreign currencies" filed by VISA on June 26, 1986;
10. 4,859,837 entitled "Portable data carrier incorporating manually presettable processing modes" filed on September 15, 1988 and whose priority date is July 6, 1982;
11. 4,877,950 entitled "Electronic purse-device" filed on August 23, 1982;
12. 4,906,828 entitled "Electronic money purse and fund transfer system" filed on May 31, 1988 and whose priority date is Feb. 28, 1983;
13. 4,935,962 entitled "Method and system for authentication" filed by NCR on June 12, 1989 and whose priority date is May 19, 1988;
14. 4,961,142 entitled "Multi-issuer transaction device with individual identification verification plug-in application modules for each issuer" filed by MasterCard on June 29, 1988;
15. 4,962,531 entitled "Transaction system comprising one or more host exchanges and a number of distributed terminal stations" filed by Philips on August 26, 1988 and whose priority date is August 28, 1987;
16. 4,968,873 entitled "Smart card issuing and receiving apparatus" filed on February 27, 1989 and whose priority date is September 8, 1987;
17. 4,992,646 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on May 10, 1989 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
18. 5,016,274 entitled "On-line/off-line digital signing" filed on November 8, 1988;
19. 5,030,806 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on October 31, 1990 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
20. 5,175,416 entitled "Funds transfer system" filed on May 17, 1991;
21. 5,221,838 entitled "Electronic wallet" filed by Motorola on October 20, 1992 and whose priority date is December 24, 1990;
22. 5,420,405 entitled "Secure, automated transaction system that supports an electronic currency operating in mixed debit & credit modes" filed on February 26, 1993;
23. 5,440,634 entitled "Value transfer system" filed on August 16, 1993 and whose priority date is October 16, 1991;
24. 5,448,045 entitled "System for protecting computers via intelligent tokens or smart cards" filed on February 26, 1993, the priority date of some parts being Feb. 26, 1992;
25. 5,452,352 entitled "Automatic dialing system" filed on August 13, 1992 and whose priority date is 20 Mar. 1990;
26. 5,453,601 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on November 15, 1991;
27. 5,455,407 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on January 27, 1995 and whose priority date is Nov. 15, 1991;
28. 5,459,304 entitled "Smart card techniques for motor vehicle record administration" filed by ATT on September 13, 1994;
29. 5,465,291 entitled "Apparatus for ordering from remote locations" filed on January 6, 1995 and whose priority date is Apr. 16, 1991;
30. 5,476,259 entitled "Pari-mutuel electronic and live table gaming" filed on November 12, 1993, the priority date of some parts being June 11, 1992;
31. 5,478,993 entitled "Process as safety concept against unauthorized use of a payment instrument in cashless payment at payment sites" filed by Ascom on January 18, 1994 and whose priority date is January 18, 1993;
32. 5,485,510 entitled "Secure credit/debit card authorization" filed by ATT on September 1, 1994 and whose priority date is September 29, 1992;
33. 5,577,197 entitled "Test system for testing electronic transaction processing services at a common carrier network switch" filed on October 29, 1992;
34. 5,696,909 entitled "Virtual POS terminal" filed on January 27, 1995;
35. EP0172670 entitled "An apparatus for effecting and recording monetary transactions" filed on July 27, 1984;
36. EP0256768 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
37. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed on October 3, 1988;
38. EP0256768 aka 4,877,947 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
39. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed on October 3, 1988;
40. WO9116691 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on April 12, 1990;
41. WO9308545 aka 5,440,634 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on October 16, 1991.

Referenced by

1. 5,978,840 entitled "System, method and article of manufacture for a payment gateway system architecture for processing encrypted payment transactions utilizing a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture" filed by Verifone on September 26, 1996.

5,850,446

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3,956,615 entitled "Transaction execution system with secure data storage and communications" filed by IBM on June 25, 1974;
2. 4,277,837 entitled "Personal portable terminal for financial transactions" filed by IBM on February 11, 1980;
3. 4,303,904 entitled "Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves" filed on October 12, 1979;
4. 4,454,414 entitled "Funds transfer system using optically coupled, portable modules" filed on June 16, 1982;
5. 4,614,861 entitled "Unitary, self-contained card verification and validation system and method" filed on November 15, 1984;
6. 4,630,201 entitled "On-line and off-line transaction security system using a code generated from a transaction parameter and a random number" filed on February 14, 1984;
7. 4,689,478 entitled "System for handling transactions including a portable personal terminal" filed by NCR on December 24, 1984;
8. 4,766,293 entitled "Portable financial transaction card capable of authorizing a transaction in foreign currencies" filed by VISA on June 26, 1986;
9. 4,859,837 entitled "Portable data carrier incorporating manually presettable processing modes" filed on September 15, 1988 and whose priority date is July 6, 1982;
10. 4,877,950 entitled "Electronic purse-device" filed on August 23, 1982;
11. 4,906,828 entitled "Electronic money purse and fund transfer system" filed on May 31, 1988 and whose priority date is Feb. 28, 1983;
12. 4,935,962 entitled "Method and system for authentication" filed by NCR on June 12, 1989 and whose priority date is May 19, 1988;
13. 4,968,873 entitled "Smart card issuing and receiving apparatus" filed on February 27, 1989 and whose priority date is September 8, 1987;
14. 4,992,646 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on May 10, 1989 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
15. 5,016,274 entitled "On-line/off-line digital signing" filed on November 8, 1988;
16. 5,030,806 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on October 31, 1990 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
17. 5,175,416 entitled "Funds transfer system" filed on May 17, 1991;
18. 5,221,838 entitled "Electronic wallet" filed by Motorola on October 20, 1992 and whose priority date is December 24, 1990;
19. 5,420,405 entitled "Secure, automated transaction system that supports an electronic currency operating in mixed debit & credit modes" filed on February 26, 1993;
20. 5,440,634 entitled "Value transfer system" filed on August 16, 1993 and whose priority date is October 16, 1991;
21. 5,448,045 entitled "System for protecting computers via intelligent tokens or smart cards" filed on February 26, 1993, the priority date of some parts being Feb. 26, 1992;
22. 5,452,352 entitled "Automatic dialing system" filed on August 13, 1992 and whose priority date is 20 Mar. 1990;
23. 5,453,601 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on November 15, 1991;
24. 5,455,407 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on January 27, 1995 and whose priority date is Nov. 15, 1991;
25. 5,459,304 entitled "Smart card techniques for motor vehicle record administration" filed by ATT on September 13, 1994;
26. 5,465,291 entitled "Apparatus for ordering from remote locations" filed on January 6, 1995 and whose priority date is Apr. 16, 1991;
27. 5,476,259 entitled "Pari-mutuel electronic and live table gaming" filed on November 12, 1993, the priority date of some parts being June 11, 1992;
28. 5,478,993 entitled "Process as safety concept against unauthorized use of a payment instrument in cashless payment at payment sites" filed by Ascom on January 18, 1994 and whose priority date is January 18, 1993;
29. 5,485,510 entitled "Secure credit/debit card authorization" filed by ATT on September 1, 1994 and whose priority date is September 29, 1992;
30. 5,671,355 entitled "Reconfigurable network interface apparatus and method" filed on September 13, 1996, the priority date of some parts being Jun. 26, 1992;
31. 5,680,552 entitled :Gateway system for interconnecting different data communication networks" filed by Lucent on September 20, 1994;
32. 5,706,211 entitled "Message communications system" filed by Motorola on March 2, 1995;
33. 5,717,745 entitled "System and method of efficiently evaluating different messages by a server in a telecommunications environment" filed on April 24, 1995;
34. EP0172670 entitled "An apparatus for effecting and recording monetary transactions" filed on July 27, 1984;
35. EP0256768 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
36. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed on October 3, 1988;
37. EP0256768 aka 4,877,947 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
38. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed on October 3, 1988;
39. WO9116691 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on April 12, 1990;
40. WO9308545 aka 5,440,634 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on October 16, 1991.

Referenced by

1. 5,970,471 entitled "Virtual catalog and product presentation method and apparatus" filed on March 22, 1996;

5,889,863

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3,651,511 entitled "Traveling message display" filed on December 2, 1969;
2. 3,956,615 entitled "Transaction execution system with secure data storage and communications" filed by IBM on June 25, 1974;
3. 4,277,837 entitled "Personal portable terminal for financial transactions" filed by IBM on February 11, 1980;
4. 4,303,904 entitled "Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves" filed on October 12, 1979;
5. 4,454,414 entitled "Funds transfer system using optically coupled, portable modules" filed on June 16, 1982;
6. 4,614,861 entitled "Unitary, self-contained card verification and validation system and method" filed on November 15, 1984;
7. 4,630,201 entitled "On-line and off-line transaction security system using a code generated from a transaction parameter and a random number" filed on February 14, 1984;
8. 4,689,478 entitled "System for handling transactions including a portable personal terminal" filed by NCR on December 24, 1984;
9. 4,766,293 entitled "Portable financial transaction card capable of authorizing a transaction in foreign currencies" filed by VISA on June 26, 1986;
10. 4,799,156 entitled "Interactive market management system" filed on October 1, 1986;
11. 4,859,837 entitled "Portable data carrier incorporating manually presettable processing modes" filed on September 15, 1988 and whose priority date is July 6, 1982;
12. 4,877,950 entitled "Electronic purse-device" filed on August 23, 1982;
13. 4,906,828 entitled "Electronic money purse and fund transfer system" filed on May 31, 1988 and whose priority date is Feb. 28, 1983;
14. 4,935,962 entitled "Method and system for authentication" filed by NCR on June 12, 1989 and whose priority date is May 19, 1988;
15. 4,968,873 entitled "Smart card issuing and receiving apparatus" filed on February 27, 1989 and whose priority date is September 8, 1987;
16. 4,992,646 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on May 10, 1989 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
17. 5,016,274 entitled "On-line/off-line digital signing" filed on November 8, 1988;
18. 5,030,806 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on October 31, 1990 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
19. 5,175,416 entitled "Funds transfer system" filed on May 17, 1991;
20. 5,221,838 entitled "Electronic wallet" filed by Motorola on October 20, 1992 and whose priority date is December 24, 1990;
21. 5,283,819 entitled "Computing and multimedia entertainment system" filed on April 25, 1991;
22. 5,297,030 entitled "Method using bill and coin images on a touch screen for processing payment for merchandise items" filed by NCR on April 8, 1992;
23. 5,420,405 entitled "Secure, automated transaction system that supports an electronic currency operating in mixed debit & credit modes" filed on February 26, 1993;
24. 5,440,634 entitled "Value transfer system" filed on August 16, 1993 and whose priority date is October 16, 1991;
25. 5,442,791 entitled "Integrated remote execution system for a heterogenous computer network environment" filed on May 12, 1994 and whose priority date is March 31, 1992;
26. 5,448,045 entitled "System for protecting computers via intelligent tokens or smart cards" filed on February 26, 1993, the priority date of some parts being Feb. 26, 1992;
27. 5,452,352 entitled "Automatic dialing system" filed on August 13, 1992 and whose priority date is 20 Mar. 1990;
28. 5,453,601 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on November 15, 1991;
29. 5,455,407 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on January 27, 1995 and whose priority date is Nov. 15, 1991;
30. 5,459,304 entitled "Smart card techniques for motor vehicle record administration" filed by ATT on September 13, 1994;
31. 5,465,291 entitled "Apparatus for ordering from remote locations" filed on January 6, 1995 and whose priority date is Apr. 16, 1991;
32. 5,475,826 entitled "Method for protecting a volatile file using a single hash" filed on November 19, 1993;
33. 5,476,259 entitled "Pari-mutuel electronic and live table gaming" filed on November 12, 1993, the priority date of some parts being June 11, 1992;
34. 5,478,993 entitled "Process as safety concept against unauthorized use of a payment instrument in cashless payment at payment sites" filed by Ascom on January 18, 1994 and whose priority date is January 18, 1993;
35. 5,485,510 entitled "Secure credit/debit card authorization" filed by ATT on September 1, 1994 and whose priority date is September 29, 1992;
36. 5,506,832 entitled "Remote confidence testing for computer-based conferencing system" filed by Intel on March 27, 1995, the priority date if some parts being November 24, 1993;
37. 5,557,518 entitled "Trusted agents for open electronic commerce" filed by Citybank on April 28, 1994;
38. 5,590,038 entitled "Universal electronic transaction card including receipt storage and system and methods of conducting electronic transactions" filed on June 20, 1994;
39. 5,590,197 entitled "Electronic payment system and method" filed on April 4, 1995;
40. 5,671,279 entitled "Electronic commerce using a secure courier system" filed by Netscape on November 13, 1995;
41. 5,671,280 entitled "System and method for commercial payments using trusted agents" filed by Citybank on August 30, 1995;
42. 5,677,955 entitled "Electronic funds transfer instruments" filed on April 7, 1995;
43. 5,715,314 entitled "Network sales system" filed by OpenMarket on October 24, 1994;
44. 5,729,594, the aforementioned Klingman patent;
45. 5,742,845 entitled "System for extending present open network communication protocols to communicate with non-standard I/O devices directly coupled to an open network" filed on June 22, 1995;
46. 5,754,772 entitled "Transaction service independent HTTP server-to-transaction gateway" filed by Unisys on March 26, 1996;
47. 5,793,966 entitled "Computer system and computer-implemented process for creation and maintenance of online services" filed on December 1, 1995;
48. EP0172670 entitled "An apparatus for effecting and recording monetary transactions" filed on July 27, 1984;
49. EP0256768 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
50. EP0326699 aka 4,885,789 entitled "A remote trusted path mechanism for telnet" filed by IBM on February 1, 1988;
51. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed on October 3, 1988;
52. EP0416482 aka 5,315,634 entitled "Automatic trading method and apparatus" filed by Hitachi on September 4, 1989;
53. EP0527639 entitled "Home financial transaction system" filed on August 14, 1991;
54. EP0256768 aka 4,877,947 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
55. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed on October 3, 1988;
56. EP0658862 aka 5,521,966 entitled "Method and system for mediating transactions that use portable smart cards" filed by ATT on December 14, 1993;
57. EP0666681 entitled "Computer and telephone apparatus with user friendly computer interface and enhanced integrity features" filed on October 5, 1990;
58. EP0668579 aka 5,461,217 entitled "Secure money transfer techniques using smart cards" filed by ATT on February 8, 1994;
59. GB2251098 entitled "Apparatus for processing data" filed on December 17, 1990;
60. WO9116691 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on April 12, 1990;
61. WO9308545 aka 5,440,634 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on October 16, 1991.

Referenced by

5,943,424

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3,651,511 entitled "Traveling message display" filed on December 2, 1969;
2. 3,956,615 entitled "Transaction execution system with secure data storage and communications" filed by IBM on June 25, 1974;
3. 4,277,837 entitled "Personal portable terminal for financial transactions" filed by IBM on February 11, 1980;
4. 4,303,904 entitled "Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves" filed on October 12, 1979;
5. 4,454,414 entitled "Funds transfer system using optically coupled, portable modules" filed on June 16, 1982;
6. 4,614,861 entitled "Unitary, self-contained card verification and validation system and method" filed on November 15, 1984;
7. 4,630,201 entitled "On-line and off-line transaction security system using a code generated from a transaction parameter and a random number" filed on February 14, 1984;
8. 4,689,478 entitled "System for handling transactions including a portable personal terminal" filed by NCR on December 24, 1984;
9. 4,766,293 entitled "Portable financial transaction card capable of authorizing a transaction in foreign currencies" filed by VISA on June 26, 1986;
10. 4,799,156 entitled "Interactive market management system" filed on October 1, 1986;
11. 4,859,837 entitled "Portable data carrier incorporating manually presettable processing modes" filed on September 15, 1988 and whose priority date is July 6, 1982;
12. 4,877,950 entitled "Electronic purse-device" filed on August 23, 1982;
13. 4,906,828 entitled "Electronic money purse and fund transfer system" filed on May 31, 1988 and whose priority date is Feb. 28, 1983;
14. 4,935,962 entitled "Method and system for authentication" filed by NCR on June 12, 1989 and whose priority date is May 19, 1988;
15. 4,968,873 entitled "Smart card issuing and receiving apparatus" filed on February 27, 1989 and whose priority date is September 8, 1987;
16. 4,992,646 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on May 10, 1989 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
17. 5,016,274 entitled "On-line/off-line digital signing" filed on November 8, 1988;
18. 5,030,806 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on October 31, 1990 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
19. 5,138,712 entitled "Apparatus and method for licensing software on a network of computers" filed by Sun on October 2, 1989;
20. 5,175,416 entitled "Funds transfer system" filed on May 17, 1991;
21. 5,175,766 entitled "Signalling scheme for controlling data encryption device in an electronic fund transaction processing system" filed on July 25, 1991 and whose priority date is December 9, 1988;
22. 5,221,838 entitled "Electronic wallet" filed by Motorola on October 20, 1992 and whose priority date is December 24, 1990;
23. 5,283,819 entitled "Computing and multimedia entertainment system" filed on April 25, 1991;
24. 5,297,030 entitled "Method using bill and coin images on a touch screen for processing payment for merchandise items" filed by NCR on April 8, 1992;
25. 5,420,405 entitled "Secure, automated transaction system that supports an electronic currency operating in mixed debit & credit modes" filed on February 26, 1993;
26. 5,440,634 entitled "Value transfer system" filed on August 16, 1993 and whose priority date is October 16, 1991;
27. 5,442,791 entitled "Integrated remote execution system for a heterogenous computer network environment" filed on May 12, 1994 and whose priority date is March 31, 1992;
28. 5,448,045 entitled "System for protecting computers via intelligent tokens or smart cards" filed on February 26, 1993, the priority date of some parts being Feb. 26, 1992;
29. 5,452,352 entitled "Automatic dialing system" filed on August 13, 1992 and whose priority date is 20 Mar. 1990;
30. 5,453,601 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on November 15, 1991;
31. 5,454,038 entitled "Electronic data interchange postage evidencing system" filed by Pitney Bowes on December 6, 1993;
32. 5,455,407 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on January 27, 1995 and whose priority date is Nov. 15, 1991;
33. 5,459,304 entitled "Smart card techniques for motor vehicle record administration" filed by ATT on September 13, 1994;
34. 5,465,291 entitled "Apparatus for ordering from remote locations" filed on January 6, 1995 and whose priority date is Apr. 16, 1991;
35. 5,475,826 entitled "Method for protecting a volatile file using a single hash" filed on November 19, 1993;
36. 5,476,259 entitled "Pari-mutuel electronic and live table gaming" filed on November 12, 1993, the priority date of some parts being June 11, 1992;
37. 5,478,993 entitled "Process as safety concept against unauthorized use of a payment instrument in cashless payment at payment sites" filed by Ascom on January 18, 1994 and whose priority date is January 18, 1993;
38. 5,485,510 entitled "Secure credit/debit card authorization" filed by ATT on September 1, 1994 and whose priority date is September 29, 1992;
39. 5,491,752 entitled "System for increasing the difficulty of password guessing attacks in a distributed authentication scheme employing authentication tokens" filed by Digital on September 2, 1994 and whose priority date is March 18, 1993;
40. 5,506,832 entitled "Remote confidence testing for computer-based conferencing system" filed by Intel on March 27, 1995, the priority date if some parts being November 24, 1993;
41. 5,557,518 entitled "Trusted agents for open electronic commerce" filed by Citybank on April 28, 1994;
42. 5,590,038 entitled "Universal electronic transaction card including receipt storage and system and methods of conducting electronic transactions" filed on June 20, 1994;
43. 5,590,197 entitled "Electronic payment system and method" filed on April 4, 1995;
44. 5,671,279 entitled "Electronic commerce using a secure courier system" filed by Netscape on November 13, 1995;
45. 5,671,280 entitled "System and method for commercial payments using trusted agents" filed by Citybank on August 30, 1995;
46. 5,677,955 entitled "Electronic funds transfer instruments" filed on April 7, 1995;
47. 5,682,429 entitled "Electronic data interchange postage evidencing system" filed by Pitney Bowes on September 9, 1995 and whose priority date is December 6, 1993;
48. 5,715,314 entitled "Network sales system" filed by OpenMarket on October 24, 1994;
49. 5,729,594, the aforementioned Klingman patent;
50. 5,742,845 entitled "System for extending present open network communication protocols to communicate with non-standard I/O devices directly coupled to an open network" filed on June 22, 1995;
51. 5,754,772 entitled "Transaction service independent HTTP server-to-transaction gateway" filed by Unisys on March 26, 1996;
52. 5,793,966 entitled "Computer system and computer-implemented process for creation and maintenance of online services" filed on December 1, 1995;
53. EP0172670 aka 4,877,947 entitled "An apparatus for effecting and recording monetary transactions" filed on July 27, 1984;
54. EP0256768 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
55. EP0326699 aka 4,885,789 entitled "A remote trusted path mechanism for telnet" filed by IBM on February 1, 1988;
56. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed by Fujitsu on October 3, 1988;
57. EP0416482 aka 5,315,634 entitled "Automatic trading method and apparatus" filed by Hitachi on September 4, 1989;
58. EP0527639 entitled "Home financial transaction system" filed on August 14, 1991;
59. EP0658862 aka 5,521,966 entitled "Method and system for mediating transactions that use portable smart cards" filed by ATT on December 14, 1993;
60. EP0666681 entitled "Computer and telephone apparatus with user friendly computer interface and enhanced integrity features" filed on October 5, 1990;
61. EP0668579 aka 5,461,217 entitled "Secure money transfer techniques using smart cards" filed by ATT on February 8, 1994;
62. GB2251098 entitled "Apparatus for processing data" filed on December 17, 1990;
63. WO9116691 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on April 12, 1990;
64. WO9308545 aka 5,440,634 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on October 16, 1991.

Referenced by

5,983,208

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 4,859,837 entitled "Portable data carrier incorporating manually presettable processing modes" filed on September 15, 1988 and whose priority date is July 6, 1982;
2. 4,877,950 entitled "Electronic purse-device" filed on August 23, 1982;
3. 4,906,828 entitled "Electronic money purse and fund transfer system" filed on May 31, 1988 and whose priority date is Feb. 28, 1983;
4. 4,935,962 entitled "Method and system for authentication" filed by NCR on June 12, 1989 and whose priority date is May 19, 1988;
5. 4,968,873 entitled "Smart card issuing and receiving apparatus" filed on February 27, 1989 and whose priority date is September 8, 1987;
6. 4,992,646 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on May 10, 1989 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
7. 5,016,274 entitled "On-line/off-line digital signing" filed on November 8, 1988;
8. 5,030,806 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on October 31, 1990 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
9. 5,175,416 entitled "Funds transfer system" filed on May 17, 1991;
10. 5,221,838 entitled "Electronic wallet" filed by Motorola on October 20, 1992 and whose priority date is December 24, 1990;
11. 5,283,819 entitled "Computing and multimedia entertainment system" filed on April 25, 1991;
12. 5,297,030 entitled "Method using bill and coin images on a touch screen for processing payment for merchandise items" filed by NCR on April 8, 1992;
13. 5,420,405 entitled "Secure, automated transaction system that supports an electronic currency operating in mixed debit & credit modes" filed on February 26, 1993;
14. 5,440,634 entitled "Value transfer system" filed on August 16, 1993 and whose priority date is October 16, 1991;
15. 5,442,791 entitled "Integrated remote execution system for a heterogenous computer network environment" filed on May 12, 1994 and whose priority date is March 31, 1992;
16. 5,448,045 entitled "System for protecting computers via intelligent tokens or smart cards" filed on February 26, 1993, the priority date of some parts being Feb. 26, 1992;
17. 5,452,352 entitled "Automatic dialing system" filed on August 13, 1992 and whose priority date is 20 Mar. 1990;
18. 5,453,601 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on November 15, 1991;
19. 5,455,407 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on January 27, 1995 and whose priority date is Nov. 15, 1991;
20. 5,459,304 entitled "Smart card techniques for motor vehicle record administration" filed by ATT on September 13, 1994;
21. 5,465,291 entitled "Apparatus for ordering from remote locations" filed on January 6, 1995 and whose priority date is Apr. 16, 1991;
22. 5,475,826 entitled "Method for protecting a volatile file using a single hash" filed on November 19, 1993;
23. 5,476,259 entitled "Pari-mutuel electronic and live table gaming" filed on November 12, 1993, the priority date of some parts being June 11, 1992;
24. 5,478,993 entitled "Process as safety concept against unauthorized use of a payment instrument in cashless payment at payment sites" filed by Ascom on January 18, 1994 and whose priority date is January 18, 1993;
25. 5,485,510 entitled "Secure credit/debit card authorization" filed by ATT on September 1, 1994 and whose priority date is September 29, 1992;
26. 5,506,832 entitled "Remote confidence testing for computer-based conferencing system" filed by Intel on March 27, 1995, the priority date if some parts being November 24, 1993;
27. 5,557,518 entitled "Trusted agents for open electronic commerce" filed by Citybank on April 28, 1994;
28. 5,590,038 entitled "Universal electronic transaction card including receipt storage and system and methods of conducting electronic transactions" filed on June 20, 1994;
29. 5,590,197 entitled "Electronic payment system and method" filed on April 4, 1995;
30. 5,671,279 entitled "Electronic commerce using a secure courier system" filed by Netscape on November 13, 1995;
31. 5,671,280 entitled "System and method for commercial payments using trusted agents" filed by Citybank on August 30, 1995;
32. 5,677,955 entitled "Electronic funds transfer instruments" filed on April 7, 1995;
33. 5,715,314 entitled "Network sales system" filed by OpenMarket on October 24, 1994;
34. 5,729,594, the aforementioned Klingman patent;
35. 5,742,845 entitled "System for extending present open network communication protocols to communicate with non-standard I/O devices directly coupled to an open network" filed on June 22, 1995;
36. 5,793,966 entitled "Computer system and computer-implemented process for creation and maintenance of online services" filed on December 1, 1995;
37. 5,812,668
38. EP0172670 aka 4,877,947 entitled "An apparatus for effecting and recording monetary transactions" filed on July 27, 1984;
39. EP0256768 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
40. EP0326699 aka 4,885,789 entitled "A remote trusted path mechanism for telnet" filed by IBM on February 1, 1988;
41. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed by Fujitsu on October 3, 1988;
42. EP0416482 aka 5,315,634 entitled "Automatic trading method and apparatus" filed by Hitachi on September 4, 1989;
43. EP0527639 entitled "Home financial transaction system" filed on August 14, 1991;
44. EP0658862 aka 5,521,966 entitled "Method and system for mediating transactions that use portable smart cards" filed by ATT on December 14, 1993;
45. EP0666681 entitled "Computer and telephone apparatus with user friendly computer interface and enhanced integrity features" filed on October 5, 1990;
46. EP0668579 aka 5,461,217 entitled "Secure money transfer techniques using smart cards" filed by ATT on February 8, 1994;
47. GB2251098 entitled "Apparatus for processing data" filed on December 17, 1990;
48. WO9116691 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on April 12, 1990;
49. WO9308545 aka 5,440,634 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on October 16, 1991.

Referenced by

5,987,132

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3,651,511 entitled "Traveling message display" filed on December 2, 1969;
2. 3,956,615 entitled "Transaction execution system with secure data storage and communications" filed by IBM on June 25, 1974;
3. 4,277,837 entitled "Personal portable terminal for financial transactions" filed by IBM on February 11, 1980;
4. 4,303,904 entitled "Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves" filed on October 12, 1979;
5. 4,454,414 entitled "Funds transfer system using optically coupled, portable modules" filed on June 16, 1982;
6. 4,630,201 entitled "On-line and off-line transaction security system using a code generated from a transaction parameter and a random number" filed on February 14, 1984;
7. 4,689,478 entitled "System for handling transactions including a portable personal terminal" filed by NCR on December 24, 1984;
8. 4,766,293 entitled "Portable financial transaction card capable of authorizing a transaction in foreign currencies" filed by VISA on June 26, 1986;
9. 4,799,156 entitled "Interactive market management system" filed on October 1, 1986;
10. 4,859,837 entitled "Portable data carrier incorporating manually presettable processing modes" filed on September 15, 1988 and whose priority date is July 6, 1982;
11. 4,877,950 entitled "Electronic purse-device" filed on August 23, 1982;
12. 4,906,828 entitled "Electronic money purse and fund transfer system" filed on May 31, 1988 and whose priority date is Feb. 28, 1983;
13. 4,935,962 entitled "Method and system for authentication" filed by NCR on June 12, 1989 and whose priority date is May 19, 1988;
14. 4,968,873 entitled "Smart card issuing and receiving apparatus" filed on February 27, 1989 and whose priority date is September 8, 1987;
15. 4,992,646 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on May 10, 1989 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
16. 5,016,274 entitled "On-line/off-line digital signing" filed on November 8, 1988;
17. 5,030,806 entitled "Transaction system of the electronic purse type" filed on October 31, 1990 and whose priority date is May 30, 1988;
18. 5,175,416 entitled "Funds transfer system" filed on May 17, 1991;
19. 5,221,838 entitled "Electronic wallet" filed by Motorola on October 20, 1992 and whose priority date is December 24, 1990;
20. 5,283,819 entitled "Computing and multimedia entertainment system" filed on April 25, 1991;
21. 5,297,030 entitled "Method using bill and coin images on a touch screen for processing payment for merchandise items" filed by NCR on April 8, 1992;
22. 5,420,405 entitled "Secure, automated transaction system that supports an electronic currency operating in mixed debit & credit modes" filed on February 26, 1993;
23. 5,440,634 entitled "Value transfer system" filed on August 16, 1993 and whose priority date is October 16, 1991;
24. 5,442,791 entitled "Integrated remote execution system for a heterogenous computer network environment" filed on May 12, 1994 and whose priority date is March 31, 1992;
25. 5,448,045 entitled "System for protecting computers via intelligent tokens or smart cards" filed on February 26, 1993, the priority date of some parts being Feb. 26, 1992;
26. 5,452,352 entitled "Automatic dialing system" filed on August 13, 1992 and whose priority date is 20 Mar. 1990;
27. 5,453,601 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on November 15, 1991;
28. 5,455,407 entitled "Electronic-monetary system" filed by Citybank on January 27, 1995 and whose priority date is Nov. 15, 1991;
29. 5,459,304 entitled "Smart card techniques for motor vehicle record administration" filed by ATT on September 13, 1994;
30. 5,465,291 entitled "Apparatus for ordering from remote locations" filed on January 6, 1995 and whose priority date is Apr. 16, 1991;
31. 5,475,826 entitled "Method for protecting a volatile file using a single hash" filed on November 19, 1993;
32. 5,476,259 entitled "Pari-mutuel electronic and live table gaming" filed on November 12, 1993, the priority date of some parts being June 11, 1992;
33. 5,478,993 entitled "Process as safety concept against unauthorized use of a payment instrument in cashless payment at payment sites" filed by Ascom on January 18, 1994 and whose priority date is January 18, 1993;
34. 5,485,510 entitled "Secure credit/debit card authorization" filed by ATT on September 1, 1994 and whose priority date is September 29, 1992;
35. 5,506,832 entitled "Remote confidence testing for computer-based conferencing system" filed by Intel on March 27, 1995, the priority date if some parts being November 24, 1993;
36. 5,557,518 entitled "Trusted agents for open electronic commerce" filed by Citybank on April 28, 1994;
37. 5,590,038 entitled "Universal electronic transaction card including receipt storage and system and methods of conducting electronic transactions" filed on June 20, 1994;
38. 5,590,197 entitled "Electronic payment system and method" filed on April 4, 1995;
39. 5,671,279 entitled "Electronic commerce using a secure courier system" filed by Netscape on November 13, 1995;
40. 5,671,280 entitled "System and method for commercial payments using trusted agents" filed by Citybank on August 30, 1995;
41. 5,677,955 entitled "Electronic funds transfer instruments" filed on April 7, 1995;
42. 5,715,314 entitled "Network sales system" filed by OpenMarket on October 24, 1994;
43. 5,729,594, the aforementioned Klingman patent;
44. 5,732,400 entitled "System and method for a risk-based purchase of goods" filed by Citybank on January 4, 1995;
45. 5,742,845 entitled "System for extending present open network communication protocols to communicate with non-standard I/O devices directly coupled to an open network" filed on June 22, 1995;
46. 5,757,917 entitled "Computerized payment system for purchasing goods and services on the internet" filed on November 1, 1995;
47. 5,781,632 entitled "Method and apparatus for secured transmission of confidential data over an unsecured network" filed on October 30, 1997 and whose priority date is February 8, 1995;
48. 5,793,966 entitled "Computer system and computer-implemented process for creation and maintenance of online services" filed on December 1, 1995;
49. 5,802,497 entitled "Method and apparatus for conducting computerized commerce" filed by Digital on July 10, 1995;
50. 5,809,144 entitled "Method and apparatus for purchasing and delivering digital goods over a network" filed by Carnegie Mellon on August 24, 1995;
51. 5,812,668
52. EP0172670 aka 4,877,947 entitled "An apparatus for effecting and recording monetary transactions" filed on July 27, 1984;
53. EP0256768 entitled "Transaction processing apparatus" filed on August 5, 1986;
54. EP0326699 aka 4,885,789 entitled "A remote trusted path mechanism for telnet" filed by IBM on February 1, 1988;
55. EP0363122 aka 5,097,115 entitled "Transaction authentication system" filed by Fujitsu on October 3, 1988;
56. EP0416482 aka 5,315,634 entitled "Automatic trading method and apparatus" filed by Hitachi on September 4, 1989;
57. EP0527639 entitled "Home financial transaction system" filed on August 14, 1991;
58. EP0658862 aka 5,521,966 entitled "Method and system for mediating transactions that use portable smart cards" filed by ATT on December 14, 1993;
59. EP0666681 entitled "Computer and telephone apparatus with user friendly computer interface and enhanced integrity features" filed on October 5, 1990;
60. EP0668579 aka 5,461,217 entitled "Secure money transfer techniques using smart cards" filed by ATT on February 8, 1994;
61. GB2251098 entitled "Apparatus for processing data" filed on December 17, 1990;
62. WO9116691 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on April 12, 1990;
63. WO9308545 aka 5,440,634 entitled "VALUE TRANSFER SYSTEM" filed on October 16, 1991.

Referenced by

5,890,137

Delta with 1-click

When performing on-line shopping using the Internet, and when performing payment settlement for a product by a credit card, user's card data runs over the Internet, leaving the possibility of card data leakage, thereby causing a security problem. The user decides the product he or she wants to buy via a computer network (Internet) from a user system. Then, a transmission unit calls up a service center to send order data including the credit card data via a settlement network. Service center invoices the sales price to an approval center based on the order data. Approval center pays the price to service center. Then, service center sends the order data to the shopping system. A delivery processing unit then delivers the product to the user based on the order data."

Refers to

1. 4,823,264 entitled "Electronic funds transfer system" filed on May 27, 1986;
2. 5,692,132 entitled "System and method for conducting cashless transactions on a computer network" filed by MasterCard on June 7, 1995; this is an electronic wallet patent: "the system user uses a personal computer to interact with merchant computers over the Internet to conduct cashless transactions. Each system user computer processes data including a balance stored in the computer's memory and updates the stored data at the end of the transaction. The system is specially designed for purchases of items or transactions of relatively small monetary value. In this manner, the amount of the transaction is deducted from the balance on the computer. In accordance with the invention, when the existing balance associated with the computer does not cover the price of the transaction, the system provides a reload feature which gives the user an option to increase the balance of the computer;"

   The system involves a Financial Service Provider (FSP).

   "Each copy of the FSP cashless transaction software has a unique account number associated with it. Once the software is installed on computer 100, the software prompts the user through an initialization process in which the user enters personal information such as the name, address, telephone, social security number, etc. and designates an issuer bank which bills the user for the initial loading and subsequent increases to the user account. All such information is forwarded to the FSP over network 110 in a secure encrypted format as described above. After a predetermined period sufficient to check the user's information, the user may request a load on his/her account from the FSP. To this end, the user again communicates with the FSP computer over network 110. If the user has been approved, this load request is granted and the user account will be loaded with an initial amount, e.g., $25. The request grant is then communicated to the issuer bank which bills the user for the initial load."

   The user has to enter a PIN code to allow the transaction to occur. This is only then that the system can check whether the item price is higher than the wallet balance;

3. 5,710,887 entitled "Computer system and method for electronic commerce" filed by Broadvision on August 29, 1995;

   the summary reads:

   "The customer monitoring object is created by referencing information, relating to that customer, which had been stored in the customer information database and when the customer selects a supplier. The customer monitoring object is configured to operate by responding to customer enquiries, communicated through the input means, regarding a presented item by accessing the item database to retrieve information relating to said item and to present said information to the customer by means of the display; receiving a customer's selection of a presented item through the input means; communicating with the pricing means to cause the cost of the item to be determined; presenting the cost to the customer by means of the display; receiving customer communications, through the input means, indicating a desire to receive the item; and passing a delivery initiation communication to initiate the delivery of the item to the customer;"

   the description of the embodiments reads:

   "it is a Participant Program Object 112 that represents the customer 12 in the commerce system. The Participant Program Object 112 contains information that identifies the participant 12, and additional information about the participant, for example, the participant's name, address, privacy controls, demographic data, and methods available to the participant for payment;"
4. 5,715,314 entitled "Network sales system" filed by OpenMarket on October 24, 1994; the summary reads:

   The buyer computer is programmed to receive a user request for purchasing a product, and to cause a payment message to be sent to the payment computer that comprises a product identifier identifying the product. The payment computer is programmed to receive the payment message, to cause an access message to be created that comprises the product identifier and an access message authenticator based on a cryptographic key, and to cause the access message to be sent to the merchant computer. The merchant computer is programmed to receive the access message, to verify the access message authenticator to ensure that the access message authenticator was created using the cryptographic key, and to cause the product to be sent to the user desiring to buy the product.

5. 5,727,163 entitled "Secure method for communicating credit card data when placing an order on a non-secure network" filed by Amazon (the inventor being Jeffrey Bezos) but that is not 1-click; 5,727,163 was filed on March 30, 1995 and the priority date is November 7, 1994;
6. 5,732,400 entitled "System and method for a risk-based purchase of goods" filed by Citybank on January 4, 1995;
7. WO9512859 aka 6,438,527, 6,032,133, 5,465,206, entitled "ELECTRONIC BILL PAY SYSTEM" filed by VISA on November 1, 1993;
8. WO9516971 entitled "DIGITAL ACTIVE ADVERTISING" filed by OpenMarket on December 16, 1993.

Referenced by

5,857,175

This patent subject matter relates to coupon redemption. Coupon redemption is a business in which, inherently:

1. the customer has to identify first; otherwise the system does not know the discounts and coupons the user is entitled to receive;
2. there are several discounts and coupons that have to be displayed first;
3. because the user signed in first the coupon selection is one click.

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3,959,624 entitled "Coded merchandising coupon" filed on December 13, 1974;
2. 4,124,109 entitled "Dispensing apparatus and method" filed on February 11, 1977
3. 4,412,631 entitled "Carousel card dispenser" filed on September 17, 1981;
4. 4,554,446 entitled "Supermarket inventory control system and method" filed November 18, 1983;
5. 4,674,041 entitled "Method and apparatus for controlling the distribution of coupons" filed on September 15, 1983;
6. 4,723,212 entitled "Method and apparatus for dispensing discount coupons" filed on February 27, 1987 and whose priority date is July 18, 1984;
7. 4,882,675 entitled "Paperless system for distributing, redeeming and clearing merchandise coupons" filed on November 26, 1984;
8. 4,896,791 entitled "Coupon dispensing system" filed on November 10, 1988 and whose priority date is January 20, 1987; the abstract reads "The system receives an access code unique to the consumer, records product selections made by the consumer, compares the product selected by the consumer with a preselected quota, and issues a coupon for the product selected by the consumer if the quota for that consumer is not exceeded;"
9. 5,380,991 entitled "Paperless coupon redemption system and method thereof" filed on November 16, 1993;
10. 5,388,165 entitled "Method and system for building a database and performing marketing based upon prior shopping history" filed on January 4, 1994 whose priority date is May 19, 1992; the priority date of some parts is May 1, 1989;
11. 5,459,306 entitled "Method and system for delivering on demand, individually targeted promotions" filed on June 15, 1994;
12. 5,515,270 entitled "Technique for correlating purchasing behavior of a consumer to advertisements" filed on January 12, 1995 and whose priority date is July 22, 1991;
13. 5,649,114 entitled "Method and system for selective incentive point-of-sale marketing in response to customer shopping histories" filed on June 1, 1995 and whose priority date is October 20, 1993; the priority date of some parts is May 1, 1989.

Referenced by

5,845,265

Online auctions implies displaying items offered for sale and that participants have signed in, the main difference with 1-click being that a bid is not necessarily equivalent to an order.

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 4,270,042 entitled "Electronic funds transfer system" filed on July 13, 1978, the priority date of some parts being Aug. 1, 1977;
2. 4,346,442 entitled "Securities brokerage-cash management system" filed by Merrill Lynch and others on July 29, 1980;
3. 4,674,044 entitled "Automated securities trading system" filed by Merrill Lynch and others on January 30, 1985;
4. 4,739,478 entitled "Methods and apparatus for restructuring debt obligations" filed by Lazard Freres on September 26, 1986 and whose priority date is November 21, 1984;
5. 4,742,457 entitled "System and method of investment management including means to adjust deposit and loan accounts for inflation" filed on August 27, 1985;
6. 4,751,640 entitled "Automated investment system" filed by Citybank on June 14, 1984;
7. 4,789,928 entitled "Auction information transmission processing" filed on January 30, 1987 and whose priority date is Feb 17, 1986;
8. 4,799,156 entitled "Interactive market management system" filed on October 1, 1986;
9. 4,823,265 entitled "Renewable option accounting and marketing system" filed on May 11, 1987;
10. 4,876,648 entitled "System and method for implementing and administering a mortgage plan" filed on January 12, 1988;
11. 4,885,685 entitled "Investment management system with travel usage funds indexed to customer account status" filed on September 18, 1987;
12. 4,903,201 entitled "Automated futures trading exchange" filed on November 3, 1983;
13. 4,910,676 entitled "Processing system for managing bi-media investments" filed on March 30, 1987;
14. 5,063,507 entitled "Goods database employing electronic title or documentary-type title" filed by Plains Cotton Cooperative Association on September 14, 1990; I mention this invention in the IBM section of the 1-click analysis;
15. 5,101,353 entitled "Automated system for providing liquidity to securities markets" filed on May 31, 1989;
16. 5,193,056 entitled "Data processing system for hub and spoke financial services configuration" filed by Signature Financial Group on March 11, 1991; this is the patent in question in the famous State Street case law;
17. 5,206,803 entitled "System for enhanced management of pension-backed credit" filed on March 15, 1991;
18. 5,235,680 entitled "Apparatus and method for communicating textual and image information between a host computer and a remote display terminal" filed on September 17, 1991 and whose priority date is 31 July, 1987;
19. 5,237,500 entitled "System and process for converting constant dollar financial instruments" filed on February 27, 1990;
20. 5,239,462 entitled "Method and apparatus for automatically determining the approval status of a potential borrower" filed on February 25, 1992;
21. 5,262,942 entitled "Financial transaction network" filed on June 5, 1990;
22. 5,283,731 entitled "Computer-based classified ad system and method" filed on December 23, 1992, the priority date of some parts being Jan. 19, 1992;
23. 5,285,383 entitled "Method for carrying out transactions of goods using electronic title" filed by Plains Cotton Cooperative Association on October 15, 1991, the priority date of some parts being September 14, 1990; I mention this invention in the IBM section of the 1-click analysis;
24. 5,323,315 entitled "Computer system for monitoring the status of individual items of personal property which serve as collateral for securing financing" filed on August 2, 1991;
25. 5,451,998 entitled "Home shopping video catalog" filed on April 4, 1994; This patent describes an order form that may contain several items and does not say when and how the customer enters her payment and shipment data;
26. 5,465,291 entitled "Apparatus for ordering from remote locations" filed on January 6, 1995 and whose priority date is April 16, 1991. The background mentions Prodigy and the patent describes a system using DTMF. The summary reads: "A summary example of an illustrative application of the invention may employ a database at a grocery store. A user at home may use a catalog or any other printed material containing Universal Produce Code (UPC) symbols or other machine readable codes in concert with the before-described preferred remote bar code reading device to access a database at a grocery store. As items are scanned in by the user passing the bar code reader or wand over the bar codes in the catalog that represent the items to be ordered and are transmitted preferably in DTMF form over the telephone to the remote store, they may be added to a list of items at the store that the user is requesting to be delivered. The database at the grocery store may contain personal information about the shopper, including address and billing information that facilitates grocery delivery, and also information about the products available at the store, including price and availability."

    The preferred embodiment reads:

    "Upon connection to the store CIU, it is then necessary for the user of the bar code wand W to identify himself or herself. This is easily done by allowing the user to scan in an identification bar code (ID) supplied by the merchant when the account is set up with the merchant. The user can enter the ID code either by scanning a bar code representation of the ID, or typing it in using the touch-tone keypad, if desired, as is well known.

    As is customary practice in other related applications, the CIU can determine whether there are any available lines for the user to place an order, and, if a line is not available, either the CIU can put the user on hold, or can estimate the amount of time that will be required to wait, and call back the user when a line is available.

    Once connected to an ordering line on the CIU, the user, using the wand W, can place an order, set up a delivery time, query a pending order, or ask for information about items available for order. Other types of commands can be accepted by the CIU, but for this example, these will suffice. The CIU decodes the commands and reads back requested information. For instance, if the user of the device would like to order something, the user scans the code corresponding to that item from the merchant-supplied catalog C, or, if desired, from the label of the item, or from some other source."

    I read that 5,465,291 comprises the pre-registration of users, the sign-in, the item list display and the 1-click order along with a shopping cart (the customer can order several items.) The user identifier is not sent along with the order because the user has to use the same dedicated connection for sign-in and ordering. The patent also contains a suggestion to combine with Prodigy (the web marketplace ancestor.)

Referenced by

1. 6,029,172 entitled "Method and system for selecting an information item" filed by Philips on August 19, 1997 and whose priority date is Aug 28, 1996; this patent teaches a Broadvision-like system for selecting items, which implies identifying the user earlier;
2. 6,012,045 entitled "Computer-based electronic bid, auction and sale system, and a system to teach new/non-registered customers how bidding, auction purchasing works" filed on July 1, 1997; this patent establishes "a virtual showroom on said computer system, said virtual showroom being accessible by said plurality of customer computers and including electronic displays of said plurality of consumer products and services which are offered for sale" and blocks "customers from becoming bidders and posting bids until said customers have electronically pre-registered."

5,613,012

Patents referenced by this patent and patents referencing this patent relates to security and notably to biometric use. There were two familiar approaches by 1995:

1. the shop way: you authenticate when you check-out;
2. the access control way (the 1-click way): you authenticate when you enter the secured place before doing anything; this is also the ATM way: you authenticate and then you withdraw money, you check your account and order fund transfers after selecting the operation in a list.

Delta with 1-click

1. the Internet Point of sale Terminal (IPT);
2. the merchant;
3. the Data Processing Center (DPC) that maintains the user database.

Once connected, the IPT downloads the merchant code, and both price and product information from the merchant. Once the individual is ready to make a purchase, he selects the merchandise he wishes to buy. Then, the individual enters the biometric-PIC using the BIA/PC, the IPT sends the merchant code, the product identification information, and the amount to the BIA, and instructs it to construct a Remote Transaction Authorization request. Then the IPT sends the request to the merchant via the secure channel.

The merchant connects to the DPC, securing the connection using the session key, forwarding the transaction to the DPC for validation. The DPC validates the biometric-PIC, cross-checks the merchant code contained in the request with the merchant code stored under the hostname that was sent in the request, and then sends a transaction to the credit/debit network. Once the credit/debit network responds, the DPC constructs a reply message including the credit/debit authorization, an encrypted private code, and the address of the individual, and sends that message back to the merchant.

Limitation	5,613,012
under control of a client system (1)	"The invention comprises a computer network host system with means for comparing the entered biometrics sample and personal identification code, and is equipped with various data bases and memory modules. Furthermore, the invention is provided with biometrics and personal identification code input apparatus and terminals for entering data to provide information for execution of the requested transactions and transmissions by the host system once the identity of the individual is determined. The invention is also provided with means for connecting the host system with the terminal and the biometrics input apparatus."
displaying information identifying the item (2)	the Internet Point of sale Terminal (IPT) "downloads the merchant code, and both price and product information from the merchant"
in response to only a single action being performed (3)	"Once the individual is ready to make a purchase, he selects the merchandise he wishes to buy. Then, the individual enters the biometric-PIC using the BIA/PC, the IPT sends the merchant code, the product identification information, and the amount to the BIA, and instructs it to construct a Remote Transaction Authorization request. Then the IPT sends the request to the merchant via the secure channel." The question is whether entering a biometric personal identification code is an action. "The biometrics scanner can be any one of finger print scanner, voice recognition, palm print scanner, retinal scanner or the like."
sending a request to order the item [...] to a server system (4)	"the IPT sends the request to the merchant," the request containing "the merchant code, the product identification information, and the amount."
the request including the identifier so that the server system can locate additional information needed to complete the order and so that the server system can fulfill the generated order to complete purchase of the item (5)	The Remote Transaction Authorization request contains the biometric personal identification code. The system "validates the biometric-PIC ["comparing the entered biometrics sample and personal identification code"], cross-checks the merchant code contained in the request with the merchant code stored under the hostname that was sent in the request, and then sends a transaction to the credit/debit network.
a data storage medium storing information for a plurality of users (7)	"Individual Biometric Database: identifies individuals from their biometric and PIC code"
a receiving component for receiving requests to order an item [...], the request being sent in response to only a single action being performed (8)	The merchant receives the IPT request and forwards "the transaction to the DPC for validation."
a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users (9)	the biometric personal identification code
an order placement component that retrieves from the data storage medium information for the indicated user (10)	The system "validates the biometric-PIC ["comparing the entered biometrics sample and personal identification code"], cross-checks the merchant code contained in the request with the merchant code stored under the hostname that was sent in the request, and then sends a transaction to the credit/debit network."
uses the retrieved information to place an order for the indicated user for the item (11)	"sends a transaction to the credit/debit network" as above and "Once the credit/debit network responds, the DPC constructs a reply message including the credit/debit authorization, an encrypted private code, and the address of the individual, and sends that message back to the merchant. Once the merchant receives the reply, it copies the individual's mailing address out of the reply, makes note of the authorization code, and forwards the reply message to the IPT.
fulfilling the generated order to complete purchase of the item whereby the item is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model (12)	Inherent because of payment and from "once the individual is ready to make a purchase, he selects the merchandise he wishes to buy."

Refers to

1. 4,821,118 entitled "Video image system for personal identification" filed on October 9, 1986;
2. 4,837,422 entitled "Multi-user card system" filed on September 8, 1987;
3. 4,926,480 entitled "Card-computer moderated systems" filed on May 24, 1988, the priority date of some parts being August 22, 1983;
4. 4,961,142 entitled "Multi-issuer transaction device with individual identification verification plug-in application modules for each issuer" filed by MasterCard on June 29, 1988;
5. 4,993,068 entitled "Unforgeable personal identification system" filed by Motorola on November 27, 1989;
6. 4,995,086 entitled "Arrangement and procedure for determining the authorization of individuals by verifying their fingerprints" filed by Siemens AG on September 13, 1988 and whose priority date is May 06, 1986;
7. 4,998,279 entitled "Method and apparatus for personal verification utilizing nonpredictable codes and biocharacteristics" filed on January 18, 1989, the priority date of some parts being Nov. 30, 1984;
8. 5,036,461 entitled "Two-way authentication system between user's smart card and issuer-specific plug-in application modules in multi-issued transaction device" filed on May 16, 1990 and whose priority date is June 29, 1988;
9. 5,054,089 entitled "Individual identification apparatus" filed by Toshiba on December 18, 1989 and whose priority date is December 29, 1988;
10. 5,095,194 entitled "Holographic credit card with automatical authentication and verification" filed on October 12, 1989;
11. 5,109,427 entitled "Fingerprint recognition device using a hologram" filed on November 13, 1990 and whose priority date is November 13, 1989;
12. 5,109,428 entitled "Minutia data extraction in fingerprint identification" filed on December 6, 1989 and whose priority date is Dec 06, 1988;
13. 5,144,680 entitled "Individual identification recognition system" filed by Mitsubishi on December 5, 1990 and whose priority date is Mar 01, 1985;
14. 5,168,520 entitled "Method and apparatus for personal identification" filed on March 18, 1991, the priority date of some parts being Nov. 30, 1984;
15. 5,180,901 entitled "IC card with individual authentication function" filed by Toshiba on April 5, 1991 and whose priority date is May 21, 1990;
16. 5,191,611 entitled "Method and apparatus for protecting material on storage media and for transferring material on storage media to various recipients" filed on January 18, 1991, the priority date of some parts being Apr. 3, 1989;
17. 5,210,588 entitled "Fingerprint identification apparatus for enhancing identification performance by forming an illumination source and a light conducting panel in a single body" filed on November 15, 1991 and whose priority date is November 17, 1990;
18. 5,210,797 entitled "Adaptive dictionary for a fingerprint recognizer" filed on October 29, 1990 and whose priority date is Oct 30, 1989;
19. 5,222,152 entitled "Portable fingerprint scanning apparatus for identification verification" filed on November 19, 1991;
20. 5,229,764 entitled "Continuous biometric authentication matrix" filed on June 20, 1991;
21. 5,230,025 entitled "Method and apparatus for capturing skin print images" filed on August 31, 1990;
22. 5,239,583 entitled "Method and apparatus for improved security using access codes" filed on April 10, 1991;
23. 5,241,606 entitled "Person identification apparatus" filed by Matsushita on October 7, 1991 and whose priority date is October 11, 1990;
24. 5,251,259 entitled "Personal identification system" filed on August 20, 1992;
25. 5,265,162 entitled "Portable pin card" filed on September 19, 1991 and whose priority date is Jan. 16, 1990;
26. 5,276,314 entitled "Identity verification system resistant to compromise by observation of its use" filed by IBM on April 3, 1992;
27. 5,280,527 entitled "Biometric token for authorizing access to a host system" filed on April 14, 1992;
28. 5,321,242 entitled "Apparatus and method for controlled access to a secured location" filed by Brinks on December 20, 1991, the priority date of some parts being December 9, 1991;
29. 5,325,442 entitled "Fingerprint sensing device and recognition system having predetermined electrode activation" filed on February 19, 1993, the priority date being May 18, 1990;
30. 5,335,288 entitled "Apparatus and method for biometric identification" filed on February 10, 1992;
31. 5,343,529 entitled "Transaction authentication using a centrally generated transaction identifier" filed on September 28, 1993;
32. 5,351,303 entitled "Infra-red imaging and pattern recognition system" filed on February 25, 1993;

Referenced by

1. 5,802,497 entitled "Method and apparatus for conducting computerized commerce" filed by Digital on July 10, 1995 that reads: "The scrip can be "serialized." This means that the vendor, as long as the consumer maintains a license, will exchange, along with the product, new scrip which can be used in a subsequent transaction. This type of interchange would be of use for serialized products, such as periodic literature, or other products which are repeatedly ordered. Similarly, the system 100 as described herein, can be used to control access to services provided by the vendor for member consumers. As long as the consumer continues to be a member, scrip from the consumer will be accepted;"

4,555,781

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3,166,636 entitled "Data composer" filed on December 30, 1960;
2. 4,213,124 entitled "System for digitally transmitting and displaying texts on television screen" filed on September 14, 1977 and whose priority date is September 22, 1976;
3. 4,290,062 entitled "System for digital transmission and text display" filed on February 28, 1979 end whose priority date is March 10, 1978;
4. 4,512,011 entitled "Duplicated network arrays and control facilities for packet switching" filed by ATT on November 1, 1982.

Referenced by

1. 5,924,082 entitled "Negotiated matching system" filed by Reuters on June 7, 1995 and whose priority date is August 17, 1994; the patent relates to negociated trading (trading currencies, commodities, and the like);
2. 5,528,671 entitled "Network control system" filed by Fujitsu on May 14, 1991 and whose priority date is Sep 14, 1989;
3. 5,168,446 entitled "System for conducting and processing spot commodity transactions" filed on May 23, 1989; the abstract reads:

   "Each trading station is capable of initiating a transaction with any other trading station in the network by transmitting a request for a quotation on a selected commodity. The receiving, or counterparty, trading station responds by transmitting a quotation back to the initiating trader, and the trader transmits a proposal based on this quotation. The counterparty then transmits an acceptance of the proposal and upon receipt of this acceptance by the initiating trader, a confirmation signal is automatically transmitted back to the counterparty and the deal is automatically logged at both sites."

   The parties are identified, because the system preferably uses a packet switching network, an identifier allowing identifying the user is sent with each message, and the acceptance is 1-click:

   

4. 4,805,134 entitled "Electronic system for accessing graphical and textual information" filed by IBM on January 9, 1986; 4,805,134 uses a Videotex Application Network that itself uses a packet switched network and allows excuting transactions.

5,063,507

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 4,115,870 entitled "Hand-held data processing terminal" filed on November 18, 1976;
2. 4,346,442 entitled "Securities brokerage-cash management system" filed by Merrill Lynch and others on July 29, 1980;
3. 4,454,414 entitled "Funds transfer system using optically coupled, portable modules" filed on June 16, 1982;
4. 4,456,790 entitled "Automated hardware inventory system" filed by Bell labs on February 8, 1982;
5. 4,591,705 entitled "Data processing device for inventory control" filed on July 7, 1983 and whose priority date is March 17, 1983;
6. 4,751,640 entitled "Automated investment system" filed by Citybank on June 14, 1984;
7. 4,783,655 entitled "Article monitoring system with printing capability" filed on March 24, 1986; the priority date of some parts is December 10, 1984;
8. 4,819,162 entitled "Time clock system including scheduling payroll and productivity analysis capability" filed on February 9, 1988 and whose priority date is May 17, 1985;
9. 4,878,771 entitled "Label printer" filed on June 24, 1988 and whose priority date is May 22, 1986;
10. 4,896,791 entitled "Coupon dispensing system" on November 10, 1988 and whose priority date is January 20, 1987; I repeat here a comment above; the abstract reads "The system receives an access code unique to the consumer, records product selections made by the consumer, compares the product selected by the consumer with a preselected quota, and issues a coupon for the product selected by the consumer if the quota for that consumer is not exceeded;"
11. 4,910,676 entitled "Processing system for managing bi-media investments" filed on March 30, 1987;
12. 4,920,488 entitled "Physical inventory system" filed on June 26, 1989 and whose priority date is December 15, 1987;
13. 4,989,144 entitled "Method and system for identifying and displaying discrepancies in vehicle titles" on March 7, 1989; the priority date of some parts being Jan. 24, 1989.

Referenced by

1. 5,845,265, the aforementioned patent of MercExchange entitled "Consignment nodes;"
2. 5,835,896 entitled "Method and system for processing and transmitting electronic auction information" filed on March 29, 1996;
3. 5,761,661 entitled "Data management system and method" filed by Sabre on July 14, 1994; this application does not relate to sell but relates to EDIFACT, in which messages carry the source and destination identifiers;
4. 5,758,126 entitled "Customizable bidirectional EDI translation system" filed by Sterling software on March 19, 1996; also related to EDIFACT; the patent claims a user interface for submitting EDIFACT requests and receiving EDIFACT answers, said requests comprising purchase orders.

5,285,383

Delta with 1-click

"A method for carrying out computerized trading of goods, comprising the steps of:

• storing in a centralized data base of a computer system information unique to at least one type of goods of a seller, the goods of the type each being distinct and different from each other and the information stored in the computer provides distinguishing characteristics of each of the individual goods of the seller;
• in response to a command input into the system by a seller, visually displaying and making available to the seller of the goods a listing of the goods owned by an owner of the goods;
• receiving an indication by the computer system of the identity of a subset of the listing, the subset defining the goods desired to be sold by the seller;
• in response to a command input into the system by a buyer, visually displaying to the buyer a screen display of information that is unique to the goods of the subset identified by the seller as being for sale;
• receiving an indication by the computer system of the identity of one or more of the goods of the subset desired to be purchased by the buyer;
• preventing by the computer system the one or more goods of the subset identified by the buyer and agreed to be purchased from being shipped by the owner or made available for purchase by a second buyer to thereby prevent the identified goods from being sold twice; and
• updating the data base to reflect a buyer ownership of the particular goods purchased by the buyer, said updating of the data base of new ownership being carried out after payment for the particular goods by the buyer."

However the limitation analysis of 5,063,507 also applies to 5,285,383.

Refers to

1. 4,115,870 entitled "Hand-held data processing terminal" filed on November 18, 1976;
2. 4,346,442 entitled "Securities brokerage-cash management system" filed by Merrill Lynch and others on July 29, 1980;
3. 4,454,414 entitled "Funds transfer system using optically coupled, portable modules" filed on June 16, 1982;
4. 4,456,790 entitled "Automated hardware inventory system" filed by Bell labs on February 8, 1982;
5. 4,591,705 entitled "Data processing device for inventory control" filed on July 7, 1983 and whose priority date is March 17, 1983;
6. 4,751,640 entitled "Automated investment system" filed by Citybank on June 14, 1984;
7. 4,783,655 entitled "Article monitoring system with printing capability" filed on March 24, 1986; the priority date of some parts is December 10, 1984;
8. 4,799,156 entitled "Interactive market management system" filed on October 1, 1986; the abstract reads:

   The system includes a data base which contains user information. The data base is accessed via a validation procedure to permit business transactions in an interactive on-line mode between users during interactive business transaction sessions wherein one party to the transaction is specifically selected by the other party;

9. 4,819,162 entitled "Time clock system including scheduling payroll and productivity analysis capability" filed on February 9, 1988 and whose priority date is May 17, 1985;
10. 4,878,771 entitled "Label printer" filed on June 24, 1988 and whose priority date is May 22, 1986;
11. 4,896,791 entitled "Coupon dispensing system" on November 10, 1988 and whose priority date is January 20, 1987; I repeat here a comment above; the abstract reads "The system receives an access code unique to the consumer, records product selections made by the consumer, compares the product selected by the consumer with a preselected quota, and issues a coupon for the product selected by the consumer if the quota for that consumer is not exceeded;"
12. 4,903,201 entitled "Automated futures trading exchange" filed on November 3, 1983;
13. 4,910,676 entitled "Processing system for managing bi-media investments" filed on March 30, 1987;
14. 4,920,488 entitled "Physical inventory system" filed on June 26, 1989 and whose priority date is December 15, 1987;
15. 4,953,085 entitled "System for the operation of a financial account" filed on April 15, 1987;
16. 4,989,144 entitled "Method and system for identifying and displaying discrepancies in vehicle titles" on March 7, 1989; the priority date of some parts being Jan. 24, 1989.

Referenced by

1. 5,794,206 entitled "Method and system for displaying electronic data interchanges in a computer" filed by Sterling Software on May 6, 1996.

5,550,734

The healthcare system is an environment in which:

1. users identify first (only authenticated users can order and on hehalf of identified customers),
2. there are orders to fulfill,
3. one action is practiced.

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 4,858,121 entitled "Medical payment system" filed on December 12, 1986;
2. 5,012,077 entitled "Credit and debit card processing terminal" filed on September 29, 1988 and whose priority date is October 07, 1987;
3. 5,070,452 entitled "Computerized medical insurance system including means to automatically update member eligibility files at pre-established intervals" filed on October 17, 1989 and whose priority date is June 30, 1987;
4. 5,231,569 entitled "Account transaction system" filed on June 12, 1990.

Referenced by

5,704,044

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Refers to

1. 4,858,121 entitled "Medical payment system" filed on December 12, 1986;
2. 5,012,077 entitled "Credit and debit card processing terminal" filed on September 29, 1988 and whose priority date is October 07, 1987;
3. 5,070,452 entitled "Computerized medical insurance system including means to automatically update member eligibility files at pre-established intervals" filed on October 17, 1989 and whose priority date is June 30, 1987;
4. 5,225,976 entitled "Automated health benefit processing system" filed on March 12, 1991;
5. 5,231,569 entitled "Account transaction system" filed on June 12, 1990.
6. 5,235,507 entitled "Health insurance management system" filed on January 16, 1990;
7. 5,235,702 entitled "Automated posting of medical insurance claims" filed on April 11, 1990;
8. 5,301,105 entitled "All care health management system" filed on April 8, 1991;
9. 5,519,607 entitled "Automated health benefit processing system" filed on July 6, 1993, the priority date of some parts being Mar. 12, 1991.

Referenced by

5,920,696

Delta with 1-click

The drawback of prior art is "The user may request one piece of information from the server in a first transaction in order to re-enter the data in a request for a second transaction from the user." Re-entering data is what bars single action.

Refers to

1. 5,572,643 entitled "Web browser with dynamic display of information objects during linking" filed on October 19, 1995;
2. 5,737,619 entitled "World wide web browsing with content delivery over an idle connection and interstitial content display" filed on September 9, 1996;
3. 5,754,857 entitled "Distributed asynchronous workflow on the net" filed by Sun Microsystems on December 8, 1995;
4. 5,754,857 entitled "Secure platform independent cross-platform remote execution computer system and method" filed on July 23, 1996.

Referenced by

6,108,673

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 5,444,841 entitled "Graphical user interface control for replicating data fields in forms" filed by IBM on April 26, 1994 and whose priority date is November 8, 1991;
2. 5,461,710 entitled "Method for providing a readily distinguishable template and means of duplication thereof in a computer system graphical user interface" filed by IBM on August 15, 1994 and whose priority date is March 20, 1992;
3. 5,704,029 entitled "System and method for completing an electronic form" filed on May 23, 1994.

Referenced by

5,457,797

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 4,742,467 entitled "Automated programming system for machine creation of applications program source code from non-procedural terminal input" filed on October 9, 1986 and whose priority date is May 4, 1984;
2. 5,056,000 entitled "Synchronized parallel processing with shared memory" filed on November 7, 1989 and whose priority date is June 21, 1988;
3. 5,261,095 entitled "Partitioning software in a multiprocessor system" filed by Texas Instruments on October 11, 1989;
4. 5,295,222 entitled "Computer-aided software engineering facility" filed on May 18, 1992 and whose priority date is November 30, 1989;
5. GB2242293 entitled "Apparatus and method for dynamic linking of computer software components" filed by Apple on January 5, 1990.

Referenced by

1. 5,734,828 entitled "System for accessing/delivering on-line/information services via individualized environments using streamlined application sharing host and client services" filed by Intel on August 30, 1995;
2. 5,790,789 entitled "Method and architecture for the creation, control and deployment of services within a distributed computer environment" filed on August 2, 1996;
3. 5,897,635 entitled "Single access to common user/application information" filed by IBM on June 7, 1995; not related to 1-click; I list it because it relates to Single Sign On (SSO), which was a hot subject by 1997; SSO implied that an identifier was assigned by an SSO server, returned to the client and then sent to the applications. Kerberos popularized the concept. SPNEGO and SPNEGO-HTTP allow using Kerberos and other mechanisms between browsers and HTTP servers but they came too late.

5,339,392

This is an interesting patent that anticipates in some ways COM/ActiveX and applets.

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 4,486,853 entitled "Apparatus for receiving and displaying continuously updated data" filed on April 1, 1981;
2. 4,642,790 entitled "Presentation space management and viewporting on a multifunction virtual terminal" filed by IBM on March 14, 1984;
3. 4,750,135 entitled "Method for dynamically creating a receiver definable local trading instrument displayable record from a remotely transmitted trading instrument common data stream" filed by Reuters on May 1, 1986;
4. 4,845,645 entitled "Sequential rapid communication visual displays" filed by USA on August 28, 1987;
5. 4,868,866 entitled "Broadcast data distribution system" filed by McGraw-Hill on February 18, 1988;
6. 4,901,221 entitled "Graphical system for modelling a process and associated method" filed on April 14, 1986;
7. 4,914,568 entitled "Graphical system for modelling a process and associated method" filed on October 24, 1986;
8. 4,914,587 entitled "Financial data processing system with distributed data input devices and method of use" filed on August 7, 1987;
9. 4,943,866 entitled "Video composition method and apparatus employing smooth scrolling" filed on June 16, 1989;
10. 5,058,185 entitled "Object management and delivery system having multiple object-resolution capability" filed by IBM on June 27, 1988;
11. 5,126,936 entitled "Goal-directed financial asset management system" filed on September 1, 1989.

Referenced by

1. 5,890,175 entitled "Dynamic generation and display of catalogs" filed on September 25, 1996;
2. 6,195,647 entitled "On-line transaction processing system for security trading" filed by the Nasdaq on September 26, 1996.

5,283,734

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3095653;
2. 3546791;
3. 3599221;
4. 3606688;
5. 3671668;
6. 3810627;
7. 3848082;
8. 3910322;
9. 3964179 entitled "Telephone system teaching apparatus" filed on November 7, 1974;
10. 3993861;
11. 3999307 entitled "Teaching machine" filed by Hitachi on August 6, 1971 and whose priority date is August 07, 1970;
12. 4044380 entitled "Encoder and constructed answer system for television" filed by Westinghouse Electric on June 27, 1975, the priority date of some parts being December 17, 1973;
13. 4052798 entitled "Audio-visual teaching system" filed by Sony on April 2, 1976 and whose priority date is April 08, 1975;
14. 4141548 entitled "Game apparatus for use in conjunction with the viewing of a spectator's sport" filed on January 16, 1978;
15. 4264924 entitled "Dedicated channel interactive cable television system" filed on August 13, 1979, the priority date of some parts being March 3, 1978;
16. 4268744 entitled "Score processing system for use with ID cards" filed on December 5, 1979;
17. 4271351 entitled "Cash replacement system and components" filed on August 17, 1979;
18. 4329684 entitled "Apparatus using a light sensing system for sensing time modulated information from a light emitting device" filed by the BBC on January 15, 1980 and whose priority date is Jan 16, 1979;
19. 4339798 entitled "Remote gaming system filed on December 17, 1979;
20. 4377870 entitled "Electronic audience polling system" filed by General Electric on December 21, 1978;
21. 4388008 entitled "Automatic paper feeder" filed on February 23, 1981;
22. 4494197 entitled "Automatic lottery system" filed on February 22, 1984 and whose priority date is December 11, 1980;
23. 4541806 entitled "Multiple aptitude testing device" filed on September 10, 1982;
24. 4573072 entitled "Method for expanding interactive CATV displayable choices for a given channel capacity" filed on March 21, 1984;
25. 4592546 entitled "Game of skill playable by remote participants in conjunction with a live event" filed on April 26, 1984;
26. 4593904 entitled "Player interactive video gaming device" filed on March 19, 1984;
27. 4608601 entitled "Video response testing apparatus" filed on July 11, 1983 and whose priority date is July 12, 1982;
28. 4611996 entitled "Teaching machine" filed on July 18, 1985 and whose priority date is August 1, 1983;
29. 4614342 entitled "Electronic game machine suitable for chance and gambling card games" filed on November 7, 1984 and whose priority date is April 19, 1984;
30. 4630040 entitled "Variable color electrooptic display" filed by Motorola on March 31, 1983;
31. 4671772 entitled "Performance appraisal and training system and method of utilizing same" filed on October 22, 1985;
32. 4689742 entitled "Automatic lottery system" filed on May 5, 1986, the priority being Feb. 9, 1983 and for some parts December 12, 1980;
33. 4745468 entitled "System for evaluation and recording of responses to broadcast transmissions" filed on March 10, 1986;
34. 4760527 entitled "System for interactively playing poker with a plurality of players" filed on June 5, 1986 and whose priority date is April 5, 1983;
35. 4807031 entitled "Interactive video method and apparatus" filed on October 20, 1987;
36. 4833710 entitled "Pay television system" filed by Matsushita on December 3, 1987 and whose priority date is February 15, 1984;
37. 4842278 entitled "Hierarchical lottery network with selection from differentiated playing pools" filed on June 10, 1988 and whose priority date is June 2, 1986;
38. 4856787 entitled "Concurrent game network" filed on May 3, 1988 and whose priority date is February 5, 1986;
39. 4875164 entitled "Processing system for a gambling game" filed on June 24, 1986 and whose priority date is October 25, 1984;
40. 4876592 entitled "System for merchandising and the evaluation of responses to broadcast transmissions" filed on May 10, 1988, the priority date of some parts being March 10, 1986;
41. 4907079 entitled "System for monitoring and control of home entertainment electronic devices" filed on September 28, 1987;
42. 4922522 entitled "Telecommunications access to lottery systems" filed by ATT on June 7, 1988;
43. 4926255 entitled "System for evaluation of response to broadcast transmissions" filed on May 10, 1988, the priority date od some parts being March 10, 1986;
44. 4937853 entitled "Lottery agent data communication/telephone line interface" filed on May 3, 1989;
45. 4959783 entitled "System and method for choosing random numbers and delivering such numbers to subscribers for playing games of chance" filed on April 6, 1989;
46. 5034807 entitled "System for evaluation and rewarding of responses and predictions" filed on October 19, 1989, the priority date of some parts being Mar. 10, 1986;
47. 5048833 entitled "Apparatus for detecting a series of game outcomes" filed on March 1, 1990;
48. 5069453 entitled "Ticket apparatus with a transmitter" filed on June 8, 1990, the priority date of some parts being January 5, 1990;
49. 5083272 entitled "Interactive telephone lottery system with a verification code" filed on November 2, 1988;
50. 5119295 entitled "Centralized lottery system for remote monitoring or operations and status data from lottery terminals including detection of malfunction and counterfeit units" on February 27, 1991, the priority date of some parts being Jan. 25, 1990;
51. 5159549 entitled "Multiple player game data processing system with wager accounting" on April 16, 1987 and whose priority date is June 1, 1984;
52. CA1172847 entitled "CONTROL MICRO-DIDACTOMETRE" filed on September 29, 1980 [not relevant for 1-click;]
53. GB1287304 entitled "EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS" filed on November 24, 1969 [not relevant for 1-click;]
54. GB2120507 entitled "Interactive video game arrangement" filed on May 10, 1982.

Referenced by

1. 6,186,893 entitled "Slot machine advertising/sales system and method" filed on December 18, 1996; I suspect that the first inventor, Jay Walker, is the person who later founded Priceline.

5,227,874

If you decide that Internet is an important aspect, then you need to grant a patent to the first person to conceive a system or method using Internet for doing something that was previously made by hand or in another technology (client/server, time sharing, interactive TV...) If on the other hand we consider that Internet defines a modus operandi inventions that use Internet and said modus operandi to implement something previously practiced (in a somewhat different way because the modus operandi was different) by hand or in another technology (client/server, time sharing, interactive TV...) are not patentable.

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 4,723,212 entitled "Method and apparatus for dispensing discount coupons" filed on February 27, 1987 and whose priority date is July 18, 1984;
2. 4,908,761 entitled "System for identifying heavy product purchasers who regularly use manufacturers' purchase incentives and predicting consumer promotional behavior response patterns" filed on September 16, 1988;
3. 5,128,520 entitled "Scanner with coupon validation" filed on August 11, 1989;
4. 5,128,752 entitled "System and method for generating and redeeming tokens" filed on October 25, 1990, the priority date of some parts being March 10, 1986.

Referenced by

1. 5,848,399 entitled "Computer system for allowing a consumer to purchase packaged goods at home" filed on July 25, 1996 and whose priority date is November 30, 1993. The background is a good presentation of ante Web online sales. The detailed description reads:

   "The consumer may manipulate what is being viewed on the display 71 in order to find, view and purchase goods, by accessing the shopping service 65 via an input device 70, such as a remote control. The video display generator 58 responds to movements of a cursor on the display 71, which the consumer can use to move items around on the shelf, examine a product with a close-up view and select a product for purchase. In response to the consumer input, the video display generator 58 generates a new picture 60, if necessary, as will be described in more detail below.

   Consumer inputs 66 received from the consumer by shopping service 65 are also sent to an order processing and billing system 68 (only for purchases) and to a research database 67. The order processing and billing system 68 sends ordering information to a warehouse where a consumer may pick up an order or from which a delivery of an order is sent to the consumer. The research database 67 stores all of a consumer's actions and is used for analysis and tracking of purchasing behavior. The research database 67 tracks consumer's actions in a manner which is transparent to the consumer."

   The description does not mention checkout or sign-in and a number of figures show that the invention implements a shopping cart.

   

5,057,915

This patent was filed by Henry Von Kohorn like 5,227,874 and 5,283,734. Both 5,227,874 and 5,283,734 are continuations in part of 5,057,915.

Delta with 1-click

Refers to

1. 3095653;
2. 3546791;
3. 3599221;
4. 3606688;
5. 3671668;
6. 3810627;
7. 3848082;
8. 3910322;
9. 3964179 entitled "Telephone system teaching apparatus" filed on November 7, 1974;
10. 3993861;
11. 3999307 entitled "Teaching machine" filed by Hitachi on August 6, 1971 and whose priority date is August 07, 1970;
12. 4044380 entitled "Encoder and constructed answer system for television" filed by Westinghouse Electric on June 27, 1975, the priority date of some parts being December 17, 1973;
13. 4052798 entitled "Audio-visual teaching system" filed by Sony on April 2, 1976 and whose priority date is April 08, 1975;
14. 4141548 entitled "Game apparatus for use in conjunction with the viewing of a spectator's sport" filed on January 16, 1978;
15. 4264924 entitled "Dedicated channel interactive cable television system" filed on August 13, 1979, the priority date of some parts being March 3, 1978;
16. 4268744 entitled "Score processing system for use with ID cards" filed on December 5, 1979;
17. 4271351 entitled "Cash replacement system and components" filed on August 17, 1979;
18. 4329684 entitled "Apparatus using a light sensing system for sensing time modulated information from a light emitting device" filed by the BBC on January 15, 1980 and whose priority date is Jan 16, 1979;
19. 4339798 entitled "Remote gaming system filed on December 17, 1979;
20. 4377870 entitled "Electronic audience polling system" filed by General Electric on December 21, 1978;
21. 4388008 entitled "Automatic paper feeder" filed on February 23, 1981;
22. 4541806 entitled "Multiple aptitude testing device" filed on September 10, 1982;
23. 4573072 entitled "Method for expanding interactive CATV displayable choices for a given channel capacity" filed on March 21, 1984;
24. 4592546 entitled "Game of skill playable by remote participants in conjunction with a live event" filed on April 26, 1984;
25. 4593904 entitled "Player interactive video gaming device" filed on March 19, 1984;
26. 4608601 entitled "Video response testing apparatus" filed on July 11, 1983 and whose priority date is July 12, 1982;
27. 4611996 entitled "Teaching machine" filed on July 18, 1985 and whose priority date is August 1, 1983;
28. 4630040 entitled "Variable color electrooptic display" filed by Motorola on March 31, 1983;
29. 4671772 entitled "Performance appraisal and training system and method of utilizing same" filed on October 22, 1985;
30. 4689742 entitled "Automatic lottery system" filed on May 5, 1986, the priority being Feb. 9, 1983 and for some parts December 12, 1980;
31. 4745468 entitled "System for evaluation and recording of responses to broadcast transmissions" filed on March 10, 1986;
32. 4807031 entitled "Interactive video method and apparatus" filed on October 20, 1987;
33. 4833710 entitled "Pay television system" filed by Matsushita on December 3, 1987 and whose priority date is February 15, 1984;
34. 4876592 entitled "System for merchandising and the evaluation of responses to broadcast transmissions" filed on May 10, 1988, the priority date of some parts being March 10, 1986;
35. 4907079 entitled "System for monitoring and control of home entertainment electronic devices" filed on September 28, 1987;
36. 4922522 entitled "Telecommunications access to lottery systems" filed by ATT on June 7, 1988;
37. 4926255 entitled "System for evaluation of response to broadcast transmissions" filed on May 10, 1988, the priority date od some parts being March 10, 1986;
38. 4975951 entitled "IPPV programming distribution control system" filed on February 26, 1990 and whose priority date is October 7, 1988;
39. 5003384 entitled "Set-top interface transactions in an impulse pay per view television system" filed on April 1, 1988;
40. CA1172847 entitled "CONTROL MICRO-DIDACTOMETRE" filed on September 29, 1980 [not relevant for 1-click;]
41. GB1287304 entitled "EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS" filed on November 24, 1969 [not relevant for 1-click;]
42. GB2120507 entitled "Interactive video game arrangement" filed on May 10, 1982.

Referenced by

1. 6,131,086 entitled "Method and system for allowing viewers to purchase program products" filed by Jay Walker and others on April 2, 1997.

5,948,040

This patent application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of the David M. DeLorme et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/661,600 filed Jun. 11, 1996, for COMPUTER AIDED ROUTING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,802,492 which is a CIP of the David M. DeLorme et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/381,214 filed Jan. 31, 1995 for COMPUTER AIDED ROUTING SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,707, issued Sep. 24, 1996, which is a CIP of the David M. DeLorme et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/265,327 filed Jun. 24, 1994 for COMPUTER AIDED MAP LOCATION SYSTEM now abandoned. This patent application is also a CIP of the Keith A. Gray U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/521,828 filed on Aug. 31, 1995, for COMPUTERIZED ADDRESS LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM now abandoned.

Delta with 1-click

"An object of the present invention to provide a new Travel Reservation and Information System (TRIPS) that permits a user to custom-define and examine a travel route and/or plans based upon answers to the questions noted above. It is also an object of the invention to provide a TRIPS that is capable of determining, reserving, and/or ticketing locations along a travel route between a user-selected travel origin and travel destination, including user-selected waypoints of interest along the way. A feature of the invention is that the user can construct a highly selective travel route that incorporates waypoints selected by the user and establish a computer link with state-of-the-art computerized ticket and reservation systems, communications, and software."

"Hereinafter, for purposes of preferred online or Internet embodiments, FIG. 4 breaks down TRIPS retail output, differentiating access by registered or enrolled users to VALUABLE OUTPUT 447 as opposed to FREE OUTPUT 445 which is made available to anonymous Internet "surfers," as an enticement to become members or registered users. The retail consumer output block as outlined at 227 in FIG. 2, however, generally includes both the "free" and "valuable" varieties of online output."

This registration takes place on the internet site:

FIG. 5d teaches a 1-click apparatus:

"The user executes or "books" the proposed reservation, pushing the "BOOK IT" button in the "RESERVATIONS--TICKETS--COUPONS" dialog box. The TRIPS technology communicates the reservation request and facilitates its acceptance, rejection and/or alteration or a counteroffer from the participating provider e.g. the Palisade restaurant or its agent(s). Participating providers in TRIPS accept or confirm requested reservations preferably by transmission of an alphanumeric and/or bar coded transaction or reservation confirmation code--shown within the transactional dialog box at 595 in FIG. 5D. The dialog box at 595 also provides an "ATTACH" command or button to prompt inclusion of the resultant "map ticket" reservation in the TRIPS user's travel plan output. An example of a TRIPS "map ticket", attached to individual user travel plan output in TRIPS, was pictured heretofore at 145, 147 and 149 in FIG. 1B. The TRIPS Accounting Subsystem "knows" the identities of the participating provider (e.g. the restaurant) and the registered TRIPS user--such that the restaurant name and address, and identity of the party entitled to the dinner reservations are included on the "map ticket" output. FIG. 8B hereinafter outlines the preferred TRIPS "map ticket" data structure and details typical data relations or links between the Geographic Subsystem and the other TRIPS Subsystems involved in "map ticket" generation."

"TRIPS output is further capable, at 147, of including an airline reservation or other transportation coupons or vouchers, and/or various special price discounts and/or extra services offered by an extensive range of accommodation and goods or service providers that can participate in TRIPS e.g., hotels, banks, campgrounds, retail stores, hairdressers, gas stations, restaurants, taxis, video rental shops, tour guides, public safety, or health facilities--among many others. Thereby, TRIPS output provides the advantages of "built-in" reservations, tickets and/or special offers."

Refers to

1. 4,359,631 entitled "Self-service terminal" filed by Lawrence B Lockwood on July 11, 1980;
2. 4,862,357 entitled "Computer reservation system with means to rank travel itineraries chosen in terms of schedule/fare data" filed by SystemOne on November 18, 1988;
3. 4,926,336 entitled "Route searching system of navigation apparatus" filed on December 27, 1988 and whose priority date is December 28, 1987;
4. 5,021,953 entitled "Trip planner optimizing travel itinerary selection conforming to individualized travel policies" filed by Travelmation on March 12, 1990 and whose priority date is Jan. 6, 1988;
5. 5,172,321 entitled "Vehicle route planning system" filed by Motorola on December 10, 1990;
6. 5,191,523 entitled "System for synthesizing travel cost information" filed on November 6, 1989;
7. 5,208,756 entitled "Vehicle locating and navigating system" filed on January 28, 1991;
8. 5,231,584 entitled "Navigation apparatus with non-volatile memory for return to initial departure point" filed on September 16, 1991 and whose priority date is December 28, 1987;
9. 5,237,499 entitled "Computer travel planning system" filed on November 12, 1991;
10. 5,243,528 entitled "Land vehicle navigation apparatus with visual display" filed by Motorola on September 12, 1990;
11. 5,253,166 entitled "Pre-ticket travel reservation record keeping system" filed on March 29, 1991;
12. 5,272,638 entitled "Systems and methods for planning the scheduling travel routes" filed by Texas Instruments on May 31, 1991;
13. 5,331,546 entitled "Trip planner optimizing travel itinerary selection conforming to individualized travel policies" filed on June 3, 1991 and whose priority date is March 12, 1990;
14. 5,353,034 entitled "Position information inputting apparatus for a vehicle travel guide system" filed on February 25, 1993 and whose priority date is February 25, 1992;
15. 5,359,527 entitled "Navigation system for vehicle" filed by Mitsubishi on October 19, 1992, whose priority date is November 06, 1991;
16. 5,369,588 entitled "Navigation system for motor vehicles" filed by Mitsubishi on August 7, 1992 and whose priority date is August 09, 1991;
17. 5,422,809 entitled "Method and apparatus for providing travel destination information and making travel reservations" filed on August 25, 1993;
18. 5,444,618 entitled "Apparatus and method for topographic processing" filed by Hitachi on July 24, 1992 and whose priority date is July 25, 1991;
19. 5,519,619 entitled "Route planning method for hierarchical map routing and apparatus therefor" by Motorola on March 14, 1994;
20. 5,537,324 entitled "Navigation system" filed on August 2, 1994 and whose priority date is August 07, 1993;
21. 5,587,911 entitled "Navigation system with selective intersection display" filed on December 1, 1995 and whose priority date is Jul 27, 1993;
22. 5,724,520 entitled "Electronic ticketing and reservation system and method" filed on November 21, 1994 and whose priority date is June 8, 1993;

Referenced by

1. 6,507,823 entitled "System and method for on-line purchasing of goods and services" filed on September 15, 1995 and whose priority date is September 23, 1993 or earlier (there is a typo in the page);
2. 6,381,583 entitled "Interactive electronic shopping system and method" filed on June 24, 1999 but whose priority date is April 15, 1997;

OpenMarket

1. Open Market Transact, "a complete set of end-to-end commerce services including online customer authentication and authorization; online order and payment processing; automated tax and shipping calculations; online order tracking and status; and online customer service."
2. Open Market LiveCommerce, an "enterprise catalog solution that enables companies to maximize revenues by creating intuitive, personalized online catalogs."
3. ShopSite, an "online store creation system that allows merchants to build and maintain catalogs of products or services to sell over the Internet."
4. OpenMarket SecureLink, a "client access to OpenMarket Transact servers."

1. the USPTO and then the EPO granted "staggeringly broad e-commerce technology patents" to Open Market.
2. Soverain [the owner of Open Market patents] filed suit in U.S. District Court against Amazon.com and Gap Inc. for patent infringement in January 2004. On August 11, 2005 it was reported that Amazon settled said patent infringement lawsuit on Thursday [August 10?], paying Soverain Software $40 million in third-quarter 2005.

Netscape

1. Netscape navigator, the first commercial browser with 50 millions users by 1997;
2. JavaScript;
3. cookies.

LivePayment

THE PROMISE OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE section reads "Collecting money through an Internet application must be simple - as easy as embedding a "pay now" tag in a World Wide Web document. "

"Internet-Based Communication to Banking Network. Communication with the merchant's credit card processing institution (known as an Acquirer) is done over the Internet, providing a flexible and low cost method for transmitting transactions. This eliminates the need for dial-up modems or leased lines." that shows that LivePayment is something aiming to replace "retrieving telephone number to establish a telephone toll connection" as taught by Klingman.

"The consumer interacts with the application using a Web browser.
When he or she is ready to complete the purchase, the Web page prompts for the transaction information - name, shipping address, and credit card account information.
The consumer provides his or her payment information directly in response to the Web page prompts. The information is then transferred via SSL or within an encrypted and signed slip using the SET protocol.
The Netscape HTTP server receives the information from the browser and passes it to the LiveWire server extensions.
If the consumer's payment information is not already contained in a slip, the LiveWire JavaScript code puts it into one. The slip is one of the LivePayment JavaScript objects, and is used to communicate payment information to the Card Processor.
When the LiveWire application has set up the consumer's payment information, it sends it to the Card Processor as part of a request for an authorization, capture, or credit action.
The Card Processor handles the actual transactions with the acquiring bank. It transparently maintains the Internet link to the banking network.
The Card Processor communicates with the Acquirer's gateway using the SSL protocols, and also uses certificates for mutual authentication between the merchant and the Acquirer.
When it receives results back from the Acquirer (transaction authorized or refused, capture succeeded, etc.), it communicates these back to the LiveWire application through the LivePayment objects.
The application, in turn, can communicate the results back to the consumer."

"LivePayment enables an online publisher to collect fees for electronic content using a variety of payment models. For example, an application might levy a subscription fee, and then aggregate usage fees. It could also charge by time (by the minute or hour) or by the item accessed" because technically one click is the same as "charge by the item accessed."

SET

We look for 1-click suggestions in SET documentation, articles and white papers. Relatively few documents are still available on Internet. The setco.org site where specifications were stored was closed and poorly and lately indexed in archive.org. So we would be especially interested by copies of this site in 1996 and early 1997.

1. The customer opens a Mastercard or Visa bank account. Any issuer of a credit card is some kind of bank.
2. The customer receives a digital certificate. This electronic file functions as a credit card for online purchases or other transactions. It includes a public key with an expiration date. It has been through a digital switch to the bank to ensure its validity.
3. Third-party merchants also receive certificates from the bank. These certificates include the merchant's public key and the bank's public key.
4. The customer places an order over a Web page, by phone, or some other means.
5. The customer's browser receives and confirms from the merchant's certificate that the merchant is valid.
6. The browser sends the order information. This message is encrypted with the merchant's public key, the payment information, which is encrypted with the bank's public key (which can't be read by the merchant), and information that ensures the payment can only be used with this particular order.
7. The merchant verifies the customer by checking the digital signature on the customer's certificate. This may be done by referring the certificate to the bank or to a third-party verifier.
8. The merchant sends the order message along to the bank. This includes the bank's public key, the customer's payment information (which the merchant can't decode), and the merchant's certificate.
9. The bank verifies the merchant and the message. The bank uses the digital signature on the certificate with the message and verifies the payment part of the message.
10. The bank digitally signs and sends authorization to the merchant, who can then fill the order.

The scenario departs from 1-click first claim in that the merchant does not necessarily know the customer (note that SET does not address the shipment issue - when the purchased item has to be shipped or has to identify a customer (air ticket for instance) then the merchant must know the customer. The air ticket example illustrates that the non-repudiation feature used for payment may also be useful for other purposes such as security.

AppFoundry

The Columbus State University put the documentation of the 1996 Netscape AppFoundry online. AppFoundry contained a number of examples to teach people how to write web applications. Code can still be downloaded. They contain links to URLs of Netscape and others pages in 1996 that can be viewed with the wayback machine. Two examples are relevant:

1. Internal Purchasing that provides an internal purchasing application. I downloaded the code that I was able to inflate with winzip. However the help page (supplies/help.html) teaches a shopping basket similar to the system taught in the article of Dr Dobbs, September 1996, Volume 21, Issue 9, page 64 by Chris Baron and Bob Weil, entitled "Implementing a Web Shopping Cart."
2. Travel and Expense Reimbursement Form (TERF) that teaches a method of submitting a travel expense report comprising:
   • under control of a client system,
     • displaying information helping entering reimbursement data [TextAreas - not buttons]; and
     • in response to only a single action being performed, sending a request to submit a report along with an identifier of a employee of the item to a server system;
   • under control of a single-action ordering component of the server system,
     • receiving the request;
     • retrieving additional information previously stored for the employee identified by the identifier in the received request; and
     • generating an order to reimburse the employee identified by the identifier in the received request using the retrieved additional information; and
     • fulfilling the generated reimbursement order to complete reimbursement of employee expenses
   • whereby the reimbursement is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model.

1. in October 1995;
2. in October 1996.

5,826,242

Delta with 1-click

Limitation	5,729,594
under control of a client system (1)	Claim 1 reads: "A method of on-line shopping by a customer using a browser running on a client computer, said method comprising the steps of: sending a first request by said browser to a merchant server for a first HTML document describing a product; displaying said HTML document on said client computer, said displayed HTML document describing said product; selecting, by said customer, said product; sending a second request by said browser to said merchant server in response to said selection made by said customer; sending a state object from said merchant server to said browser, said state object identifying said product; and storing said state object on said client computer by said browser.
displaying information identifying the item (2)	"displaying said HTML document on said client computer, said displayed HTML document describing said product" [claim 1]
sending a request to order the item [...] to a server system (3)	"sending a second request by said browser to said merchant server in response to said selection made by said customer" [claim 1]
the request including the identifier so that the server system can locate additional information needed to complete the order and so that the server system can fulfill the generated order to complete purchase of the item (4)	"In accordance with the present invention, the server can send state information to the client when a document is sent. The client then stores the state information, which is typically in the form of a state object. In a subsequent request for documents to the server, the client can send the stored state information to the server." and "A user of the information service may browse the different publications by making http requests, from the client's/user's computer system, to the publisher's Web server which responds with the requested publication and state information specifying the user's identification, and other subscription information (e.g., user registration and billing information) which allows the user to view the contents of the publication; this information is typically provided by the user at least once in a conventional log-on process."
a shopping cart ordering component and a single-action ordering component (6)	"The merchant server then sends an HTML form document that requests the customer to send necessary details for the purchase (step 218). For example, the customer may select a quantity, a desired style, and size of the product as requested by the form document. The browser then sends a POST command under HTTP, which transmits the data entered into the form to the merchant server (step 222)." and "The customer can also select products to be placed in a virtual shopping basket. The server then sends state information related to the selected products to the browser on the client for storage. When the customer wants to purchase the products in the virtual shopping basket, the browser sends the corresponding state information to a specified check-out Web page for processing."
a data storage medium storing information for a plurality of users (7)	Following from "Thereafter, this information is included in the state information which is exchanged between the client and the server in the process of the invention. Accordingly, when the user, during the browsing process, desires to view another publication (e.g., from the same or different publisher) this state information will be transmitted back to the Web server to provide the necessary subscription information (thereby entitling the user to view the publication) without requiring the user to re-enter the necessary subscription information." The invention teaches a use of cookies for identifying and not describing resources. A product identifier allows retrieving the corresponding row in the inventory. This implies a user database storing user data (user registration and billing information). It is also apparent that these data have to be stored in a permanent data storage medium. Otherwise users would have to register each time the server is restarted.
a receiving component for receiving requests to order an item [...], the request being sent in response to only a single action being performed (8)	"For example, the customer may select a quantity, a desired style, and size of the product as requested by the form document. The browser then sends a POST command under HTTP, which transmits the data entered into the form to the merchant server (step 222). The data on the submitted form (e.g., quantity, size, style, etc.) is analyzed by the server and the transaction is processed."
a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users (9)	See analysis of limitation 4.
an order placement component that retrieves from the data storage medium information for the indicated user (10)	Inherent from analysis of limitation 7 and from "The data on the submitted form (e.g., quantity, size, style, etc.) is analyzed by the server and the transaction is processed."
uses the retrieved information to place an order for the indicated user for the item (11)	Inherent from analysis of limitation 7 and from "The data on the submitted form (e.g., quantity, size, style, etc.) is analyzed by the server and the transaction is processed."
fulfilling the generated order to complete purchase of the item whereby the item is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model (12)	Inherent from analysis of limitation 7 and from "The data on the submitted form (e.g., quantity, size, style, etc.) is analyzed by the server and the transaction is processed."

Despite the additional limitation the examiner made a non-final rejection. He found that 09/151,617 was obvious over 5,826,242.

• claims are "directed to techniques in which a user orders an item (eg., a gift) that is to be sent to a recipient,"
• claims "make it clear [/recite] that additionnal information is collected from sources other than the user who orders the item."

However the examiner made a final rejection on the same ground.
The Amazon attorney filed an appeal in which he wrote that the invention relates to a technology allowing a user to place a purchase order with a vendor over a network without providing complete delivery information (eg., a delivery address) for a recipient of the order.

You can also read the 5,826,242 section of the 1-click family page. 1-click does not reference 5,826,242.

Refers to

1. 5,710,887 entitled "Computer system and method for electronic commerce" filed by Broadvision on August 29, 1995;
2. 5,721,832 entitled "Method and apparatus for an interactive computerized catalog system" filed on May 12, 1995;
3. 5,740,425 entitled "Data structure and method for publishing electronic and printed product catalogs" filed on September 26, 1995;
4. 5,745,681 entitled "Stateless shopping cart for the web" filed by Sun on January 11, 1996
5. 5,754,656 entitled "Electronic shopping method, electronic shopping system and document authenticating method relating thereto" filed by Hitachi on August 1, 1996, whose priority date is August 4, 1995;
6. 5,757,917 entitled "Computerized payment system for purchasing goods and services on the internet" filed on November 1, 1995;
7. 5,758,327 entitled "Electronic requisition and authorization process" filed on November 1, 1995;
8. 5,760,771 entitled "System and method for providing structured tours of hypertext files" filed on July 17, 1996;
9. 5,761,649 entitled "Method for updating a remote computer" filed on June 5, 1995 and whose priority date is April 10, 1992;

Referenced by

1. 6,016,504 entitled "Method and system for tracking the purchase of a product and services over the Internet" filed by InfoSpace on August 28, 1996;
2. 5,905,973 entitled "Shopping basket presentation method for an online shopping system" filed by Hitachi on September 29, 1997 but whose priority date is September 30, 1996.

Overture

Said patent portfolio allegedly anticipated AdWords. This prior art is of interest here because in 1-click the buy now buttons are displayed once the user signed in and behave in the same way as ads.

6,269,361

1. 5,659,732 entitled "Document retrieval over networks wherein ranking and relevance scores are computed at the client for multiple database documents" filed by InfoSeek on May 17, 1995;
2. 5,717,923 entitled "Method and apparatus for dynamically customizing electronic information to individual end users" filed by Intel on November 3, 1994;
3. 5,724,424 entitled "Digital active advertising" filed by OpenMarket on November 29, 1995 and whose priority date is December 16, 1993;
4. 5,724,521 entitled "Method and apparatus for providing electronic advertisements to end users in a consumer best-fit pricing manner" filed by Intel on November 3, 1994;
5. 5,724,524 entitled "Method and system for listing, brokering, and exchanging carrier capacity" filed by Pitney Bowes on December 15, 1995;
6. 5,748,954 entitled "Method for searching a queued and ranked constructed catalog of files stored on a network" filed by Carnegie Mellon on June 5, 1995;
7. 5,752,238 entitled "Consumer-driven electronic information pricing mechanism" filed by Intel on November 3, 1994;
8. 5,768,521 entitled "General purpose metering mechanism for distribution of electronic information" filed by Intel on February 2, 1996 and whose priority date is May 16, 1994;
9. 5,794,210 entitled "Attention brokerage" filed on December 11, 1995;
10. 5,826,241 entitled "Computerized system for making payments and authenticating transactions over the internet" filed on September 16, 1994;
11. 5,848,397 entitled "Method and apparatus for scheduling the presentation of messages to computer users" filed on April 19, 1996;
12. 5,848,407 entitled "Hypertext document retrieving apparatus for retrieving hypertext documents relating to each other" filed by Matsushita on May 22, 1997 and whose priority date is May 22, 1996;
13. 5,852,820 entitled "Method for optimizing entries for searching an index" filed by Digital on August 9, 1996;
14. 5,855,008 entitled "Attention brokerage" filed on August 28, 1997 and whose priority date is Decembre 11, 1995;
15. 5,864,845 entitled "Facilitating world wide web searches utilizing a multiple search engine query clustering fusion strategy" filed by Siemens on June 28, 1996;
16. 5,864,846 entitled "Method for facilitating world wide web searches utilizing a document distribution fusion strategy" filed by Siemens on June 28, 1996;
17. 5,903,882 entitled "Reliance server for electronic transaction system" filed on December 13, 1996;
18. 5,918,014 entitled "Automated collaborative filtering in world wide web advertising" filed on December 26, 1996;
19. 5,920,854 entitled "Real-time document collection search engine with phrase indexing" filed by InfoSeek on August 14, 1996;
20. 5,920,859 entitled "Hypertext document retrieval system and method" filed on February 5, 1997
21. 6,078,866 entitled "Internet site searching and listing service based on monetary ranking of site listings" filed on September 14, 1998;
22. JP11316764 entitled "METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RETRIEVING STRUCTURED DOCUMENT AND COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM WHERE STRUCTURED DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL PROGRAM IS RECORDED" aka 6,496,820 entitled "Method and search method for structured documents" filed by Hitachi on Apr 30, 1998;
23. WO9948028 entitled "IMPROVED SEARCH ENGINE" aka 6,421,675 entitled "Search engine" filed on July 15, 1998;
24. WO0041090 entitled "SEARCH ENGINE DATABASE AND INTERFACE" filed on January 8, 1999.

Prodigy

"Prodigy Communications Corporation was a dialup service (a sort of "mega-BBS") for home computers in the United States before the advent of the Internet. Prodigy claimed it was the first consumer online service, differentiating itself from the leading service provider, CompuServe, which was used mostly by technophiles."

"Prodigy retains the distinction of having launched ESPN's website and growing such firms as PC Flowers into some of the online world's earliest success stories."

1. 5,347,632 entitled "Reception system for an interactive computer network and method of operation;" it was filed on July 28, 1989; the priority date of some parts is July 15, 1988;
2. 5,361,393 entitled "Method for improving interactive-screen uploading of accounting data;" it was filed on January 28, 1992;
3. 5,442,771 entitled "Method for storing data in an interactive computer network; it was filed on November 26, 1993; this is a division of 5,347,632; the priority date of some parts is July 15, 1988;

5,347,632

"This invention relates generally to a distributed processing, interactive computer network intended to provide very large numbers of simultaneous users; e.g. millions, with access to a large number; e.g., thousands, of applications which include pre-created, interactive text/graphic sessions; and more particularly, to a computer network in which the interactive text/graphic sessions are comprised of pre-created blocks cf data and program instructions which may be distributed downwardly in the network for use at a software enhanced user computer terminal that reduces processing demand on the higher-level network elements, thus permitting the higher-level elements to function primarily as data supply and maintenance resource, and, thereby, reduce network complexity, cost and response time."

"The transactional features of interactive network 10 saves the user time, money, and frustration by reducing time spent traveling, standing in line, and communicating with sales personnel. The user may, through RS 400, bank, send and receive messages, review advertisements, place orders for merchandise, and perform other transactions. In the preferred embodiment, network 10 provides information and transaction processing services for a large number of users simultaneously accessing the network via the public switched telephone network (PSTN), broadcast, and/or other media with their RS 400 units. Services available to the user include display of information such as movie reviews, the latest news, airlines reservations, the purchase of items such as retail merchandise and groceries, and quotes and buy/sell orders for stocks and bonds. Network 10 provides an environment in which a user, via RS 400 establishes a session with the network and accesses a large number of services. These services are specifically constructed applications which as noted are partitioned so they may be distributed without undo transmission time, and may be processed and selectively stored on a user's RS 400 unit."

"To initiate a session with network 10, objects representing the logon application are retrieved from the user's personal diskette, including the R. S. application software, which was previously set up during a standard installation enrollment procedure with network 10. Once communication between RS 400 and cache/concentrator layer 300 has been established, the user begins a standard logon procedure by inputting a personal entry code. Once the logon procedure is complete, the user can begin to access various desired services (i.e., partitioned applications) which provide display of requested information and/or transaction operations."

5,347,632 refers to:

1. 3,653,001 entitled "Time-shared computer graphics system having data processing means at display terminals" filed by Bell Labs on November 13, 1967;
2. 4,091,448 entitled "Off-line, one-level/on-line, two-level timeshared automated banking system" filed on October 29, 1976;
3. 4,200,930 entitled "Adapter cluster module for data communications subsystem" filed by Burroughs on August 10, 1978, the priority date of some parts being May 23, l977;
4. 4,289,930 entitled "Electronic apparatus for the display of information received over a line" filed by General electric on November 30, 1978;
5. 4,319,336 entitled "Transaction execution system with improved key function versatility" filed by IBM on February 2, 1979;
6. 4,460,960 entitled "Transaction execution system having keyboard and message customization, improved key function versatility and message segmentation" filed by IBM on October 14, 1981 and whose priority date is February 2, 1979;
7. 4,553,222 entitled "Integrated interactive restaurant communication system for food and entertainment processing" filed on March 14, 1983;
8. 4,575,679 entitled "Automatic load shed control for spacecraft power system" filed by General Electric on May 10, 1983 [not relevant;]
9. 4,691,340 entitled "Image information accessing user terminal" filed by Sony on November 22, 1985, the priority date being Nov 28, 1984;
10. 4,724,521 entitled "Method for operating a local terminal to execute a downloaded application program" filed by Verifone on January 14, 1986;
11. 4,751,669 entitled "Videotex frame processing" filed by Wang on April 4, 1985, the priority date of some parts being March 30, 1984;
12. 4,787,050 entitled "Apparatus for managing software bending machines" filed by Brother on November 12, 1986, the priority date being November 12, 1985;
13. 4,805,119 entitled "User terminal for videotex" filed by Sony June 26, 1986, the priority date being June 27, 1985;
14. 4,805,134 entitled "Electronic system for accessing graphical and textual information" filed by IBM on January 9, 1986;
15. 4,851,994 entitled "Data I/O terminal equipment having mode setting functions for downloading various specified application programs from a host computer" filed by Sharp on August 1, 1985, the priority date being August 03, 1984;
16. 4,882,705 entitled "Data transmission system including the downloading of a first program for the interruption of a second program" filed by NEC on August 2, 1988, the priority date being December 07, 1984;

1. 6,029,182 entitled "System for generating a custom formatted hypertext document by using a personal profile to retrieve hierarchical documents" filed on October 4, 1996;
2. 6,026,376 entitled "Interactive electronic shopping system and method" filed on April 15, 1997; 6,026,376 teaches a shopping cart in which the user enters order information at checkout time:

   

3. 6,014,634 entitled "System and method for providing shopping aids and incentives to customers through a computer network" filed on August 4, 1997 and whose priority date is December 23, 1996; first claim reads:

   A computer implemented method for determining purchasing incentives for consumers, comprising the steps of:

   • storing in a purchase history database product data for products purchased in association with a unique identifier;
   • transmitting a prompt for personal information from a main computer to a personal computer over a computer network;
   • transmitting personal information data from said personal computer to said main computer over said computer network in response to said prompt, said personal information data including an identity code;
   • generating page data defining a personal web page that is accessible over said computer network, said personal web page based at least in part on said personal information data transmitted from said personal computer to said main computer,
   • assigning a web page address to said personal web page based upon said personal information data,
   • storing said page data defining said personal web page in a personal page database;
   • determining a purchase incentive depending on (1) said product data stored in said purchase history database or (2) said page data stored in said personal page database; and
   • updating said page data so that said personal web page will display said purchase incentive.
   FIG. 4 shows:

   

4. 5,999,914 entitled "Electronic promotion system for an electronic merchant system" filed by Microsoft on October 16, 1996; somewhat similar to the patent above. Promotion is effective when the user signed in and 1-click can be construed as a kind of promotion (a facility provided to registered users;)
5. 5,970,471 entitled "Virtual catalog and product presentation method and apparatus" filed on March 22, 1996;
6. 5,870,724 entitled "Targeting advertising in a home retail banking delivery service" filed on June 6, 1995 and whose priority date is December 10, 1990;
7. 5,710,887 entitled "Computer system and method for electronic commerce" filed by Broadvision on August 29, 1995.

6,014,634

An article of InternetNews published on November 25, 1999 reports that Supermarkets Online had the following products:

1. ValuPage has several opt-in options including e-mail addresses and the use of frequent shopper card numbers for maximum targeting, the company said. There was a http://www.valupage.com/ site including a guided tour and a help recorded by the Wayback machine on May 30, 1998.
2. ValuPageE-mail, which recently reached its 2 million subscriber mark, features a targeted weekly e-mail based on purchase behavior data that delivers the coupons and other consumer packaged goods promotions found on ValuPage directly to consumers' e-mail in-boxes.
3. ValuBanner provides manufacturers with advertising banners, posted on allied Internet sites, that are tied to the coupons and promotions delivered by the ValuPage service.
4. ValuPage Sample supports the targeted delivery of sample offers to consumers, Catalina Marketing provides strategic targeted marketing solutions for consumer goods companies and retailers using in-store incentives, loyalty programs, sampling and advertising messages; and at home, through direct mailings and online.

6,014,634 is interesting because though there is no checkout form where the user enters her shipping and payment data (the user sign-in first) it implements a shopping cart as shown on the figures:

Coupons, incentives and recipes are added to the session record. There is a checkout apparently (1) to display a questionnaire (2) to stimulate coupons, incentives and recipe selection. 6,014,634 disables one click because in this context it would probably cut profits.

CompuServe

1. 5,619,559 entitled "Financial card authorization system" filed on July 25, 1995 and whose priority date is June 25, 1992;
2. 5,761,425 entitled "System for facilitating data transfers between host computers and workstations by having a first, second and third computer programs communicate in a matching application-level protocol" filed on December 2, 1994.

Other prior art

1. Collectibles, used items, auctions.
2. Perhaps computers. End consumers usually do not buy computers by numbers. They are not necessarily interested in buying printers, scanners, modems... from the same provider. However computer sales are not necessarily of 1-click nature because (to a lesser extent for laptops and PDAs) there is a configuration step in which the user may select options such as amount of memory, screen size, operating system and so forth. The best example is Dell whose pages looked like this.
3. Airline sites. The first airlines to have practiced Web sales are likely to be Alaska Airlines in USA and British Midland whose story is reported by Wikipedia. This is confirmed by several sources including answer.com. Northwest can have anticipated 1-click as suggested in this Reservation page of June 5, 1997.

   United airlines provided United Connection that was using a piece of software to download from their site.

   GDSs were created to serve travel agents. They were not necessarily in the position of providing end-consumers the means to bypass travel agents. Their business model was to provide sale engines to travel agencies and to companies like Expedia (whose URL was originally www.expedia.msn.com - Expedia was then a Microsoft subsidiary) who were acting as travel agents. This was probably the case of Worldspan (partly owned by Northwest).

   The exception can be Sabre whose Travelocity was providing online sales on October 17, 1996 and before Travelocity Sabre had a EasySabre product.

"You flag for the country you wish to depart from, for the purposes of today we will go from the UK. We particularly like the departure map. Again you could have a drop-down box but you've also got a map. In the Quickbook you don't get the maps so it saves you time. You might be happier with the drop-down box. So you can either click on one of the diamonds for the airport you wish to depart from or you can go to the drop-down box. And again you get a map for destination as well. We'll go to Amsterdam and you can see from the map that all the red areas are faded out and that was because when I picked London Heathrow you couldn't go to those areas. So now you have a fill-in form for your outward flight date, month and time.

"Now it comes back in a table format. The flights that are actually in bold there are the nearest to the actual options that you requested. You can go for more flights or you can see certain flight details. This is real time availability that's come across from the host system.

"Now you have details of your full itinerary and you have restrictions associated with this booking, so there are no changes permitted, and its the media payment required, and tax is on there as well. You have the option to go back for the feedback form from here as well but we'll continue with the booking."

"There are a couple of security measures we have in place for the credit card as well, which I may as well tell you. You can only make 2 flights in any one day with the same credit card."

The form used by Alaska Airlines on May 28, 1997 confirms that they were not using a shopping cart. The user entered a request and was returned a list. Then she selected an entry in the list. But then the user had to enter her shipping and payment data after selecting flights because there was no way to sign-in. Sign-in was added later but not necessarily in 1997.

1. THE PC TRAVEL AGENT TAKES OFF published by Business Week in July 1997
2. Reservations Online published in 1998 by H.B. Koplowitz

1. CGI - written in Perl or in C (marginally in tcl) and perhaps partly in shell;
2. Java and server-side Javascript in case of the Netscape server;
3. Server-Side Include (SSI) that anticipated JSP and ASP.